Millet fractions from

The protocol involving NaOAc-HOAc at pH 5 was first proposed and used by Jackson (1958) to remove carbonates from calcareous soils to analyze soil cation exchange characteristics (Grossman and Millet, 1961). Other researchers used HOAc for the extraction of metals from sediments and soils (Nissenbaum, 1972 Mclaren and Crawford, 1973). Tessier et al. (1979) first used the NaOAc-HOAc solution at pH 5 to dissolve the carbonate fraction from sediments. Since then, the NaOAc-HOAc buffer has been widely used as a specific extractant for the carbonate phase in various media (Tessier et al., 1979 Hickey and Kittrick, 1984 Rapin et al., 1986 Mahan et al., 1987 Han et al., 1992 Clevenger, 1990 Banin et al., 1990). Despite its widespread use, this step is not free from difficulties, and further optimization is required in its application. Questions arise with regard to this step in the elemental extraction from noncalcareous soils, the dissolution capacity and dissolution rates imposed by the buffer at various pHs, and the possibility that different carbonate minerals may require different extraction protocols (Grossman and Millet, 1961 Tessier et al., 1979). 

FIGURE 6.8 SDS-PAGE of prolamin fractions from (A) pearl millet, (B) maize,... 

Wankhede, D. B., Shenaz, A., and Rahgavendra, R. (1979). Preparation and physicochemical properties of starches and their fractions from finger millet (Eleusine coracna) and foxtail millet (Setaria italica). Starch 31,153-159. 

In order to protect the flow stability from turbulence caused by the input signal, the properties of the tracer used should be as close as possible to those of the process particles. In the investigation carried out by the author of this book the process particles are yellow millets while purplish-red rape seeds are used as the tracer, the properties of which are very similar those of the millets. The properties of the process and the tracer particles are listed in Table 3.1. The concentration of the tracer is represented in terms of mass fraction, and is measured by manually separating the tracer from the process particles according to the difference in color and weighing the amount of tracer. This is laborious and time-consuming work, but it can yield reliable data. 

The inhibitor has been purified using a modification of the scheme of Millet and Gregoire [2] (Table 2) plus a final fractionation on a reverse phase HPLC column employing an n-butanol gradient (in 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid). The amino acid composition differs somewhat from inhibitors of E. coli or Streptomyces (Table 3) but they are probably all of the same general class in that they contain a low percentage of cysteine and are active on either subtilisin (E. coli and Streptomyces) or related serine proteases [8],... 

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