Microwave-Promoted Carbonylations Using the Solvent as a Source of Carbon Monoxide

Microwave-Promoted Carbonylations Using the Solvent as a Source of Carbon Monoxide 

An alternative strategy for performing microwave carbonylations without directly using carbon monoxide is to use formic acid derivatives as the source of CO. In fact, common solvents such as DM F or formamide are known to thermally decompose in the presence of a strong base to carbon monoxide and the corresponding amine [40]. The carbon monoxide released in this manner has been used in palladium-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides. The nucleophile involved can be either amine derived from the CO source or externally added. 

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