Sectioning microscopy

Fig. 2 OCT image and microscopy section of a plant, a - OCT image of the leaf from upper side b - microscopic section of the leaf c - OCT image of lower side of the leaf. White bar in the images correspond to 1 mm. Arrows indicate vascular bundles in OCT images and in microscopy sections...

Following the USP procedure for class 1A compounds, the melting range.of halcinonide is 270-272° (reference 21). This is in excellent agreement with the results of differential thermal analysis, below, as well as hot stage microscopy, section 2.12. 

Two-photon excitation (TPE) fluorescence microscopy (Section 11.2.1.2) can be applied to the detection of single molecules in solution. By comparison with one-... 

II Sincrotrone Trieste, Microscopy Section, 34012 Trieste, Italy... 

The methods that have proved effective for quantitative determination of phases in clinkers are based on light microscopy (Section 4.2.1), X-ray diffraction (Section 4.3.2) and calculation from the bulk chemical analysis. The last two of these are applicable also to cements. SEM with image analysis (Section 4.3.1) shows promise, but other methods that have been investigated, such as IR spectroscopy, appear to have little potential. Sections 4.4.2 to 4.4.5 describe a method of calculation from the bulk analysis and Section 4.4.6 compares the results of the various methods. 

My special thanks go to Dr. John Boughton who gave advice on the electron microscopy section. 

Green fluorescent protein as a marker Section 4.3.5 Immunoelectron microscopy Section 4.3.5 Automated solid-phase peptide synthesis Section 4.4 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Section 4.5.1... 

PH or PHACO means the lens has a phase ring for phase contrast microscopy (Section 1.1.4.2) and... 

In the method developed by Pickel et al. (1976), organs or animals are perfused with fixative, followed by the preparation of sections (about 20 pm) which are then treated with detergent (Triton X-100) to increase permeability. Subseqent EIH staining, as in light microscopy (Section 17.3.3), gives suitable results for the outer 2-3 pm layer of thick sections. 

The authors thank Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co. for permission to publish this paper, and Goodyear Research Microscopy Section for assistance in the light and electron microscopy studies. 

All samples were examined with light microscopy. Sections were stained with either aqueous safranine or a solution of Chlorazol Sky-Blue (Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd., U.K.) in lactophenol. Polarized light was occasionally employed. 

Advances in single crystal diffraction suggest that for structurally complex samples that do not show significant framework disorder, structure solution from microcrystals (or even nanocrystals - see the electron microscopy section) will be the most convenient route for solids that can be prepared as single crystals, even if they are less than 1000 pm in volume. Many aluminosilicate zeolites, however, can only be prepared as micron-sized crystals or may include stacking faults. As a result, continued developments in structure solution from X-ray powder diffraction are of great value. (See, for example, the Special Issue of Zeit. Krist., 219, 2004.)... 

If Texas red-conjugated donkey antirabbit IgG is used, then incubate the sections in streptavidin-FITC (diluted to 1 100 in 0.02% Triton X-100 in PBS) for 2h. Wash sections in PBS (3 x lOmin), and view either by light or fluorescence microscopy. Sections may be counterstained with 0.1% nuclear fast red. 

Physical methods classically included XRD (Section 7.3.1) and electron microscopy (Section 7.5.1) to determine the shapes and dimensions of typical particles compute their area, A and calculate the crystallographic specific surface area, knowing the density of the particles, p ... 

Samples, one half coated with SiOa and the other half with Ti02, were used for quantitative surface analysis after each of the siuface treatment steps (cleaning, self-assembly, and polymer and protein adsorption, section 2). These samples exhibit material contrast on a macroscopic scale and are discussed in section 3.1. Micropat-temed surfaces were subjected to identical siuface modification procedures and characterized qualitatively by imaging ToF-SIMS (section 3.2) and fluorescence microscopy (section 3.3) and were used in the cell experiments (section 3.4). In both types of samples, material contrast (on a macroscopic or microscopic scale, Figure la) is converted into contrast with respect to protein adhesion (Figure Ic) via a series of surface modification steps (self-assembly of DDP, adsorption of PLL-g-PEG section 2). 

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