Microsatellite nucleotide repeats

Microsatellites (simple sequence repeats, simple tandem repeats)—regions of DNA composed of short two, three, or four nucleotides repeated 2-50 times. 

Although less common than SNPs, another type of genetic polymorphism is the variable nucleotide tandem repeat (VNTR), also called microsatellite [65]. 

Trinucleotide Repeats Microsatellite repeats consisting of three nucleotides dispersed in the euchromatic arms of chromosomes, [nih]... 

The next major change in the analysis of the DNA for paternity (and forensic) analysis incorporated the PCR amplification of microsatellites instead of minisatellites. Microsatellites are also formed by tandem repeats but consist of two to five nucleotides per repeat units. This means that the amplification requires less DNA (less than 1 ng) and the quality of the material may be less than ideal. This capability permits the analysis of some degraded DNAs. The potential number of loci is very large and the process is rapid it may be completed in a day or two. This system also has the benefit of lending itself to multiplexing and automation. In addition, several kits are available, and for some multiplexes inexpensive silver stain materials may be employed without expensive equipment. 

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database (dbSNP) of Nucleotide Sequence Variation. URL http //www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/SNP/index.html. Uses SNP in the much looser sense of minor genetic variations and includes microsatellite repeats and small insertion/deletion polymorphisms. 

Microsatellite Instability - Mutations consisting of repeats of single, double, and triple-nucleotide sequences which probably arise by slipping of strands during DNA polymerization. 

This amounts to 4 x 10 differences in the whole genome. In addition to these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) there are many differences in the >100,000 nearly randomly dispersed short tandem repeats of microsatellite The latter form... 

A third type of polymorphism is due to tandem repeats of short sequences that can be detected by PCR-based analysis. These are known variously as microsatellites, short tandem repeats (STRs), STR polymorphisms (STRPs), or short sequence length polymorphisms (SSLPs). These repeat sequences usually consist of two, three, or four nucleotides and are plentiful in most organisms. All PCR-converted STR markers (those for which a pair of oligonucleotides flanking the polymorphic site suitable for PCR amplification of the locus has been designed) are considered to be STSs. The advent of PCR-based analysis quickly made microsatellites the markers of choice for mapping. 

A microsatellite consists of a specific sequence of DNA bases or nucleotides which contains mono, di, tri, or tetra tandem repeats. In the literamre they can also be called... 

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