Micrographs microscopy

Fig, XIV-12. Freeze-fracture transmission electron micrographs of a bicontinuous microemulsion consisting of 37.2% n-octane, 55.8% water, and the surfactant pentaethy-lene glycol dodecyl ether. In both cases 1 cm 2000 A (for purposes of microscopy, a system producing relatively coarse structures has been chosen), [(a) Courtesy of P. K. Vinson, W. G. Miller, L. E. Scriven, and H. T. Davis—see Ref. 110 (b) courtesy of R. Strey—see Ref. 111.]... 

Figure C2.17.1. Transmission electron micrograph of a Ti02 (anatase) nanocrystal. The mottled and unstmctured background is an amorjihous carbon support film. The nanocrystal is centred in die middle of die image. This microscopy allows for die direct imaging of die crystal stmcture, as well as the overall nanocrystal shape. This titania nanocrystal was syndiesized using die nonhydrolytic niediod outlined in [79].

Figure C2.17.4. Transmission electron micrograph of a field of Zr02 (tetragonal) nanocrystals. Lower-resolution electron microscopy is useful for characterizing tire size distribution of a collection of nanocrystals. This image is an example of a typical particle field used for sizing puriDoses. Here, tire nanocrystalline zirconia has an average diameter of 3.6 nm witli a polydispersity of only 5% 1801.

Figure 1.1 is a rather remarkable photograph which shows individual polystyrene molecules as spherical blobs having average diameters of about 20 nm. The picture is an electron micrograph in which a 10" % solution of polystyrene was deposited on a suitable substrate, the solvent evaporated, and the contrast enhanced by shadow casting. There is a brief discussion of both electron microscopy and shadowing in Sec. 4.7. Several points should be noted in connection with Fig. 1.1 ...

The electron micrographs of Fig. 4.11 are more than mere examples of electron microscopy technique. They are the first occasion we have had to actually look at single crystals of polymers. Although there is a great deal to be learned from studies of single crystals by electron microscopy, we shall limit ourselves to just a few observations ... 

Membrane proteins in many cases are randomly distributed through the plane of the membrane. This was one of the corollaries of the fluid mosaic model of Singer and Nicholson and has been experimentally verified using electron microscopy. Electron micrographs show that integral membrane proteins are often randomly distributed in the membrane, with no apparent long-range order. 

When P[(St-NHCOCH3)-g-AAM] was hydrolyzed in the basic solution no PAAM was released. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph of the copolymer shows that the hydrolyzed grafted beads are still covered with PAAMs with salient micrographs. The results reveal that AAM graft copolymerization is initiated by the nitrogen radical rather than any other radical. 

In order to see the effect of the compatibilizer more clearly, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) micrographs of the peeled back exposed surface of the spun fibers are shown in Fig. 7. In a noncompatibilized blend, the long TLCP fibrils are bundled together (Fig. 7A). The fibril surface looks quite clean and smooth along the... 

FIGURE 22.1 Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrograph of a carbon black network obtained from an ultrathin cut of a filled rubber sample. 

For the purpose of calibration and particle size calculations, it was decided to confirm the reported particle sizes of the various latices supplied by Dow and Polysciences, using scanning electron microscopy. Unfortunately, after subtracting the thickness of the gold layer with which the particles were coated from the size shown on the micrographs, some inconsistencies were noted with respect to the measured sizes of the particles and their elution behaviour. It was therefore decided to assume the reported sizes as true values with the exception of the 5T nm particle. 

Barry, Clinton Wilson (1979) examined the structure of cements prepared from a glass powder from which very fine particles had been removed to improve resolution. The microstructure of the set cement is clearly revealed by Nomarski reflectance optical microscopy (Figure 5.14). Glass particles are distinguished from the matrix by the presence of etched circular areas at the site of the phase-separated droplets. The micrograph... 

FIGURE 5.3 Electron micrographs of whey protein isolate (WPI). Scanning electron microscopy of dry WPI powder (A). Transmission electron microscopy of WPI stained with uranyl acetate (B) nonextruded WPI Paste (40% moisture) and (C) extruded texturized WPI (100 °C, 40% moisture) (Onwulata et ai, 2003a). 

In this study we use electron microscopy (EM) to study xanthan strandedness and topology both in the ordered and disordered conformation. Correlation of data obtained from electron micrographs to physical properties of dilute aqueous solution on the same sample will be used to provide a working hypothesis of the solution configuration of xanthan. Electron micrographs obtained from xanthan of different origins will be compared to assess similarities and differences in secondary structure at the level of resolution in the used EM technique. 

Figure 5 Electron micrograph of a portion of melt crystallised polyethylene spherulite by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showing lamellae. Reproduced from Ref. [3] with permission of John Wiley Sons, Inc.

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