Microbially influenced corrosion

There are several methods of monitoring microbial-influenced corrosion. Some methods are as follows ... 

Microbially influenced corrosion occurs in soil environment. The sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) reduce sulfate to sulfide and as a result iron sulfide is formed due to corrosion. The iron sulfide deposit on the steel surface and the steel form a galvanic couple, which is substained by the removal of electrons in the form of cathodic hydrogen, followed by the further formation of more iron sulfide.19,20... 

Geesey, G. (1993). A Review of the Potentialfor Microbially Influenced Corrosion of High-Level Nuclear Waste Containers. San Antonio, TX Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 

Biofilms can promote corrosion of fouled metal surfaces in a variety of ways. This is referred to as microbially influenced corrosion. Microbes act as biological catalysts promoting conventional corrosion mechanisms the simple, passive presence of the biological deposit prevents corrosion inhibitors from reaching and passivating the fouled surface microbial reactions can accelerate ongoing corrosion reactions and microbial by-products can be dkectly aggressive to the metal. 

Hamilton, W. A. (2003). Microbially influenced corrosion as a model system for the study of metal microbe interactions a unifying electron transfer hypothesis. Biofouling 19, 65-76. 

Heitz E, Fleming H-C and Sand W (eds) 1996 Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Materials (Berlin Springer)... 

Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are some of the most common and problematic microorganisms of environmental and economic importance in petroleum industry. The effects caused by SRB activity are mainly the souring of oil and gas deposits and in problems related with microbially influenced corrosion (MIC). The toxic hydrogen sulfide produced may also present a health hazard to workers and may decrease oil quality by the souring of oil and gas [1],... 

Kasahara K. and Kajiyama F., Microbially influenced corrosion and biodeterioration NACE 1991 2-33 - 2-39. 

E. Heitz, H.-C. Fleming, W. Sand. Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Materials. Scientific and Engineering Aspects. Berlin Heidelberg New York, Springer, 1996. 

N. W. Mittleman, J. C. Danko, Corrosion of a concrete dam stracture evidence of microbially influenced corrosion activity, 1995 International Conference on Microbially Influenced Corrosion, Welding Society and NACE International, Houston, Tex., 1995, pp. 15-1-15-7. 

K. Bosecker, Microbially Influenced Corrosion of Materials, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, 1996, pp. 439-446. 

S. Lata, C. Sharma, A.K. Singh. Microbial influenced corrosion by thermophilic bacteria. Central European Journal of Engineering, Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 133—122, 2012. 

J.H. Wolfram, R.E. Mizia, R. Jex, L. Nelson, K.M. Garcia. The Impact of Microbially Influenced Corrosion on Spent Nuclear Fuel and Storage Life, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, October 1996. 

R.C. Newman, K. Rumash, B.J. Webster. The effect of pre-corrosion on the corrosion rate of steel in natural solutions containing sulphide relevance to microbially influenced corrosion. Corrosion Science, Vol. 33, No. 12, pp. 1877-1884, 1992. 

This paper focuses on how to model the deterioration of static pressurized process equipment to enable efficient inspection and maintenance planning. Such equipment tends to gradually deteriorate over time from erosion, corrosion, fatigue and other mechanisms, and at some point of time inspection, repair or replacement is expedient with respect to safety, production and costs. The deterioration of the equipment is influenced by many factors such as type of equipment, system design, operation and process service, material and environment. For hydrocarbon systems, the most critical deterioration mechanisms are corrosion due to CO2 and H2S, microbially influenced corrosion, sand erosion and external corrosion (DNV 2002). In general, CO2 is the most common factor causing corrosion in oil and gas system of low alloy steel (Singh et al. 2007). 

Sd] Zhang, H. J. and Dexter, S. C. The Effect of Biofilms on Critical Pitting Potentials for Stainless Steels S30400 and S31600 in Seawater, Proceedings, 1995 International Conference on Microbially Influenced Corrosion, P. Angel, et al., Eds., NACE International, Houston, TX, 1995, p. 70/1. 

Thierry D, Sand W (2011) Microbially influenced corrosion. In Marcus P (ed) Corrosion mechanisms in theory and practice, 3rd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 737-776... 

Sand W, Gehrke T (2003) Microbially influenced corrosion of steel in aqueous environments. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 2 169-176... 

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