Microbial reactions

Biofilms can promote corrosion of fouled metal surfaces in a variety of ways. This is referred to as microbiaHy influenced corrosion. Microbes act as biological catalysts promoting conventional corrosion mechanisms the simple, passive presence of the biological deposit prevents corrosion inhibitors from reaching and passivating the fouled surface microbial reactions can accelerate ongoing corrosion reactions and microbial by-products can be directly aggressive to the metal. 

Delwiche, C.C. and Steyn, P.L. 1970 Nitrogen isotope fractionation in soils and microbial reactions. Environmental Science and Technology 4 929-935. 

Truly field experiments on microbial reactions are extremely difficult to carry out, but a series of microcosm experiments on the substrates that may support anaerobic sulfate reduction quite closely... 

Many organic componnds partition into the organic matrix of soils and sediments as a resnlt of both chemical and microbial reactions, which have been discussed in Chapter 4, and these associated residnes may be both less toxic and less amenable to biodegradation than the free componnds. This presents an adverse prognosis for bioremediation. 

Vacuum Distillation Hater is evaporated at reduced pressure and at or near ambient temperature. Nonvolatile organics Slow process when sample volumes are large. Inorganics also concentrated. Sample contamination is low but sample may be modified due to thermal degradation or chemical and microbial reactions. 

Separation of oil and water in microbial reaction of oily and aqueous two-phase system [154],... 

The separation method targets recovery of the aqueous phase from oil/water mixtures of microbial reactions by filtration through a ceramic filter module [154], The invention particularly referred to a two-phase system resulting from a process used for production of 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid using S. paucimobilis AK2M16 (PERM P-13996). The aqueous phase is said to be recovered free of microbial cells and oil. Although, it is mentioned that the reaction product can be recovered readily in high yield, the need for an additional unit operation looks obvious. 

The principal controls on the microbial reaction rate in our example, then, are biomass and thermodynamic drive (Fig. 33.2). Initially, in the presence of abundant lactate and arsenate, the rate is controlled by the size of the microbial population available to catalyze lactate oxidation. As the population increases, so does reaction rate. Later, as reactants are consumed and products accumulate, the reaction approaches the point at which the energy liberated by its progress is balanced by that needed in the cell to synthesize ATR Reaction rate is governed now by the energy available to drive forward the cellular metabolism, this energy represented by the thermodynamic potential factor Ft over the course of the experiment, the kinetic factors Fd and Fa play minor roles. 

An example of an aerobic, heterotrophic microbial reaction is the degradation of glucose (cf. Examples 2.2 and 2.3) ... 

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