Transport microbial

G. Winkehnann, Microbial Transport Systems, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2001. 

Although the above studies conducted with packed columns are important from a fundamental standpoint as they relate to the mechanisms of cell sorption to solid surfaces, in situ remediation of contaminants in subsoils requires microbial transport in well-structured soils. The presence of soil macropores that facilitate preferential water flow is well appreciated (Thomas Phillips, 1979). Sorption phenomena are less important when bacterial transport occurs through structured soils in which cells pass unimpeded through relatively large conduits (Smith et al., 1985). 

Corapcioglu, M. Y. Haridas, A. (1985). Microbial transport in soils and groundwater a numerical model. Advances in Water Resources, 8, 188—200. 

Gerba.C. P., Yates, M. V. Yates, S. R. (1991). Quantitation of factors controlling viral and microbial transport in the subsurface. In Modeling the Environmental Fate of Microorganisms, ed. C.J. Hurst, pp. 77-88. Washington, D.C. American Society for Microbiology. 

Byers, B. R. and Arveneaux, J. E. L. 1971. Microbial transport and utilization of iron. In Microorganisms and Minerals. E. D. Weinberg (Editor). Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 215-249. 

Transport and storage processes involving iron are by far the best understood, both for mammalian systems (transferrin and ferritin) and for microbes (the siderophores in iron transport). In addition, knowledge of the transport and storage of copper and zinc in mammalian systems is advancing steadily, although awareness of microbial transport systems in general is poor. 

Over the past 20 yr, compounds have been identified and mechanisms established for microbial transport of iron. For example, Ito and... 

D. van der Hekn and R. Chakraborty, Structures of Siderophore Receptors, in Microbial Transport Systems , ed. G. Winkelmann, Wiley-VCH, Weinbeim, 2001, p. 261. 

Enterobactin (87) is a 12-membered ring macrotriolide initially isolated from Salmonella typhimurium [110]. It is involved in microbial transport and metabolism of iron. It is an iron-sequestering agent of the phenolate group and is overproduced by Escherichia coli and related enteric bacteria under low-iron stress. 

Li BL, Loehle C, Malon D. (1996). Microbial transport through heterogeneous porous media Random walk, fractal, and percolation approaches. Ecological Modelling 85 285-302. 

Three other metals, namely, copper, vanadium, and molybdenium, possess appreciable affinities for siderophores. It is possible that siderophores or siderophore-like molecules are involved in the microbial transport of these metals. Copper(II) forms stable complexes with hydroxamate siderophores (for instance, schizokinen, desferriox-amine B. and desfeirithiocin) and catechol siderophores (for instance, enterobactin). However, copper(II), unlike iron(III), also possesses a high affinity for amino acids and small peptides, and this property renders it unlikely that copper uptake is dependent on siderophore-medi-ated transport. 

Ford T, Sacco E, Black J, KeUey T, Goodacre R, Berkley RCW, MitcheU R (1991) Characterization of exopolymers of aquatic bacteria by pyrolysis-mass spectroscopy. Appl Environ Microbiol 57 1595—1601 Ford T, MitcheU R (1992) Microbial transport of toxic metals. In Mitchell R (ed) Environmental microbiology. WUey, New York, pp 83—101 Ford TE (1993) The microbial ecology of water distribution and outfaU systems. In Ford TE (ed) Aquatic microbiology an ecological approach. BlackweU Scientific, Boston, pp 455-482... 

Wilson, G., and Fox, C. F., 1971, Biogenesis of microbial transport systems Evidence for coupled incorporation of newly synthesized lipids and proteins into membrane, /. Mol. Biol. 55 49. 

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