Microbes aerobes

Aerotolerant anaerobes Microbes that grow under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, but do not shift from one mode of metabolism to another as conditions change. They obtain energy exclusively by fermentation. 

Aerobic microbes Microbes used in a biofiltration process in which gaseous pollutants are removed from a process gas stream by aerobic digestion. 

Resting cell of G. candidum, as well as dried cell, has been shown to be an effective catalyst for the asymmetric reduction. Both enantiomers of secondary alcohols were prepared by reduction of the corresponding ketones with a single microbe [23]. Reduction of aromatic ketones with G. candidum IFO 5 767 afforded the corresponding (S)-alcohols in an excellent enantioselectivity when amberlite XAD-7, a hydro-phobic polymer, was added to the reaction system, and the reduction with the same microbe afforded (R)-alcohols, also in an excellent enantioselectivity, when the reaction was conducted under aerobic conditions (Figure 8.31). 

The specific microbes used depends on many factors, for example, the particular formation involved, the specific hydrocarbons in the formation, and the desired microbial action on these formation hydrocarbons. The microbes may be aerobic or anaerobic and may or may not require one or more additional nutrients (e.g., naturally ocurring or injected) to be included in the formation. Highly mobile microbes, such as flagellated or ciliated bacilli, are useful. The microbes are sized so that they are mobile in the connate water of the formation [966]. 

The enzyme is produced by aerobic microbes, which live in the mill waters and in the bio-film located on all wet surfaces. When these bacteria are teased with low concentrations of HP, which is the case in all mills that are using HP, the population will change so that the individuals with the highest catalase activity will have the best opportunities to survive. This adapted population grows and infiltrates the whole circulation water system. 

Kapdan IK, Alparslan S (2005) Application of anaerobic-aerobic sequential system to real textile wastewater for color and COD removal. Enzyme Microb Technol 36 273-279... 

Albuquerque MGE, Lopes AT, Serralheiro ML et al (2005) Biological sulphate reduction and redox mediator effects on azo dye decolourisation in anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactors. Enzyme Microb Technol 36 790-799... 

Isik M, Sponza DT (2006) Biological treatment of acid dyeing wastewater using a sequential anaerobic/aerobic reactor system. Enzyme Microb Technol 38 887-892... 

Sponza DT, Isik M (2002) Decolorization and azo dye degradation by anaerobic-aerobic sequential process. Enzyme Microb Technol 31 102-110... 

Ramalho PA, Scholze H, Cardoso MH et al (2002) Improved conditions for the aerobic reductive decolourisation of azo dyes by Candida zeylanoides. Enzyme Microb Technol 31 848-854... 

By analogy to higher animals, we might expect that respiring microbes would use reduced carbon compounds as electron donors and O2 as the electron acceptor indeed, aerobic bacteria that do just this are common in oxic environments. Microbes, however, are notably versatile, employing H2, H2S, NHj", CH4, Fe++, and many other species as electron donors. They can similarly use SO4-, NO3, NO2, HCOJ, and so on as electron acceptors. The microbes can even use ferric... 

Fig. 22.8. Energy yields for various anaerobic (top) and aerobic (bottom) metabolisms during mixing of a subsea hydrothermal fluid with seawater, expressed as a function of temperature, per kg of hydrothermal water. Energy yields for acetoclastic methanogenesis and acetotrophic sulfate reduction under oxic conditions are hypothetical, since microbes from these functional groups are strict anaerobes and cannot live in the presence of dioxygen.

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