Micro anion

Takeuchi et al. [343] described an indirect photometric detection method for anions in micro high performance liquid chromatography. Micro anion exchange octadecylsilica columns permanently coated with the hydrophobic cetyltrimethylammonium ion (cetrimide) were used in the high performance liquid chromatography of chloride, nitrate... 

H. Stibler, S. Borg and M. Joustra, Micro anion exchange chromatography of carbohydrate-deficient transferrin in serum in relation to alcohol consumption (Swedish Patent 8400587-5), Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res., 10, 535-544 (1986). 

Colloid amphoion 4- colloid cation 4- micro anion... 

In the above given considerations an attempt has been made from modern points of view to explain the changes in the internal state of the coacervate for the case where both colloids are of the statistical clewed type. They will also be applicable though changed more or less if only one of the colloids is of this type, the other of the globular type (for example, serum albumin (positive) + gum arabic (negative), p. 233, Fig. 2). This will still be the case even for the variants to be discussed in the next section, colloid cation + micro anion or colloid anion -f micro cation ( 3, p. 384). The existence of the variant micro cation + micro anion (p. 407, 4) however raises new problems. We shall have to decide from the facts that considerations based on macromolecular structure, although they can be very useful, do not yet elucidate the essential point of the complex coacervation. See further p, 412, 4 c. 

Complications occur in the investigation of the suppressive action of K3Fe(CN)g and K4Fe(CN)e which indicate that the complex relations between the positive gelatin and the negative gum arabic are indeed suppressed but that new complex relations between positive gelatin and the 3 and 4-valent anions in question are produced so that with these salts the original complex gel variant colloid cation + colloid anion is transformed into a complex gel variant colloid cation + micro anion. 

DICOMPLEX SYSTEMS II. THE VARIANTS COLLOID CATION H- MICRO ANION AND MICRO CATION + COLLOID ANION... 

COLLOID CATION — MICRO ANION MICRO CATION — COLLOID ANION... 

This point of difference is not attributable to the fact that here we have an example of the variant colloid cation + micro anion, in the other case an example of the variant colloid anion f micro cation but to the choice of the micro ions. Roughly... 

In general such displacements for a salt, which itself causes no dicomplex coacervation or flocculation, therefore indicate that the cation or anion in question already produces fairly powerful complex relations, although these are not yet powerful enough to cause dicomplex coacervation or flocculation. Therefore in this case dicomplex sols of the type colloid anion -f micro cation or colloid cation + micro anion are produced. 

Positively charged proteins give similar dicomplex systems of the type colloid cation micro anion with suitably chosen anions. ... 

The demixing of concentrated clupein sulphate sols on cooling is therefore a dicomplex coacervation colloid cation + micro anion in its simplest form, namely as demixing in the binary system HgO -f salt. 

DICOMPLEX SYSTEMS, III. THE VARIANT MICRO CATION — MICRO ANION IN CONNECTION WITH THE THEORY OF COMPLEX COACERVATION... 

The problem of complex coacervation is considerably simplified by the existence of similar d emixing phenomena in micro ionic solutions. It follows then that specific colloid chemical considerations based, for example, on the macromolecular structure of the colloids are not really essential. The variants of dicomplex coacervation discussed in the previous paragraphs, together with the variant micro cation -h micro anion can all be formulated as a double decomposition... 

We need not again repeat the significance of point 1. for the theory of complex coacervation (the three variants treated in 2 and 3). As far as point 2. is concerned we note that the only apparently essential point of difference of complex coacervation with the demixing micro cation — micro anion (cited on p. 408 under 2). disappears. 

There is strong evidence in favour of the point of view 1. in the variants colloid anion + micro cation or colloid cation -f micro anion in the specific ion sequences for reversal of charge or for coacervation or flocculation. We remind the reader for example of the sequences Cs < Rb < K < Na < Li which occur with sulphate colloids and carboxyl colloids (p. 289). Here polarisation phenomena are still in the background and here the largest ion, that is to say, the least hydrated ion, is most suitable for reversal of charge or coacervation. This points strongly therefore to a direct contact between cation and ionised group of the colloid. 

Thus when one accepts point of view 1. for the variants colloid cation -h micro anion and colloid anion + micro cation there is, on account of the very great similarity, no reason for doubting that it also holds for the variant colloid cation + colloid anion (i. e. for the complex coacervation in the narrower sense). 

For the variant micro cation -h micro anion we can conceive the salt-rich layer in the same way. This layer can more or less be conceived as an ion lattice extremely strongly distorted by intruding water, whereby actually a molten salt containing water has been produced. The disturbances increase more and more in extent on rise of the temperature until finally the two layers become completely miscible. 

It has now further appeared that this colloid anion can also be replaced by suitably chosen micro anions, while retaining the typical complex flocculation. ... 

In the preceeding subsection we have spoken without further comment of the greater or less intensity of complex relations between micro ions and colloid ions. Naturally what was meant was actually the comparison of the maximum intensities of these complex relations obtainable with the micro ions in question. Indeed, just as this is already the case in the dicomplex systems, colloid cation + micro anion or colloid anion + micro cation, the statement, that the intensity of the complex relations formed by a micro cation is still a function of the concentration, also holds for the tricomplex systems. 

Dicomplex systems II. The variants colloid cation + micro anion and... 

Dicomplex systems III. The variant micro anion -f micro cation in connection WITH THE theory OF COMPLEX COACERVATION.407... 

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