Colloid cation

Polyphosphates are employed because they provide a cleaning action (hence their use in POC formulations), they act as cathodic inhibitors (by forming large colloidal cations with calcium), and they also revert to O-PO4, an anodic inhibitor. 

SOFTENER 900C is a fine particle size colloidal cationic emulsion that produces a silky smooth handle to knitting yarn and circular or warp knit fabrics of natural or synthetic fibers and their blends. 

This has not been determined analytically, but has been deduced from the close Analogy between coacervates of the type colloid anion -f- colloid cation and coacervates of the type colloid anion -f crystalloid cation (p. 384 Ch. X 3). For the variable composition of the former type see p. 355-364 Ch. X. 

Colloid amphoion 4- colloid cation + colloid anion... 

Variant No. 4 is in fact the simplest case, indeed in this case the complex relations occur between a large organic cation (colloid cation) and a large organic anion (colloid anion). 

If one regards the complex coacervate as a sightly soluble compound of polyvalent colloid ions, one can understand the occurrence of the double valency rule as increase of solubility as a result of the shielding of the colloid cations by the anions of the added salt and of the colloid anions by the cations of the added salt. 

In the salt resistance we are dealing with the suppression of the interaction of colloid anions and colloid cations. 

The gelatin sol is a solution of gelatin chloride, the gum arabic sol a solution of (mainly) Ca arabinate. If the colloid cations and colloid anions unite with each other in the equivalent mixing proportion, then mutually equivalent amounts of Ca and Cl ions remain over. 

In the above given considerations an attempt has been made from modern points of view to explain the changes in the internal state of the coacervate for the case where both colloids are of the statistical clewed type. They will also be applicable though changed more or less if only one of the colloids is of this type, the other of the globular type (for example, serum albumin (positive) + gum arabic (negative), p. 233, Fig. 2). This will still be the case even for the variants to be discussed in the next section, colloid cation + micro anion or colloid anion -f micro cation ( 3, p. 384). The existence of the variant micro cation + micro anion (p. 407, 4) however raises new problems. We shall have to decide from the facts that considerations based on macromolecular structure, although they can be very useful, do not yet elucidate the essential point of the complex coacervation. See further p, 412, 4 c. 

We can call such a gel system a complex gel (p. 335, 1) and in the case in question, one belonging to the variant colloid cation -f- colloid anion. 

Complications occur in the investigation of the suppressive action of K3Fe(CN)g and K4Fe(CN)e which indicate that the complex relations between the positive gelatin and the negative gum arabic are indeed suppressed but that new complex relations between positive gelatin and the 3 and 4-valent anions in question are produced so that with these salts the original complex gel variant colloid cation + colloid anion is transformed into a complex gel variant colloid cation + micro anion. 

DICOMPLEX SYSTEMS II. THE VARIANTS COLLOID CATION H- MICRO ANION AND MICRO CATION + COLLOID ANION... 

COLLOID CATION — MICRO ANION MICRO CATION — COLLOID ANION... 

Summarising we can say that the coacervation of gum arabic with hexol nitrate has all essential features in common with the complex coacervation, colloid cation -h colloid anion. 

Obviously an appropriately chosen micro cation — here the 6-valent hexol ion — can take the place of the colloid cation without changii] the nature of the typical complex relations characteristic of the first mentioned variant. 

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