Michael reactions lithium diisopropylamide

An excellent synthetic method for asymmetric C—C-bond formation which gives consistently high enantioselectivity has been developed using azaenolates based on chiral hydrazones. (S)-or (/ )-2-(methoxymethyl)-1 -pyrrolidinamine (SAMP or RAMP) are chiral hydrazines, easily prepared from proline, which on reaction with various aldehydes and ketones yield optically active hydrazones. After the asymmetric 1,4-addition to a Michael acceptor, the chiral auxiliary is removed by ozonolysis to restore the ketone or aldehyde functionality. The enolates are normally prepared by deprotonation with lithium diisopropylamide. 

Iodine-Mercury(II) oxide, 149 Lithium diisopropylamide-Potassium /-butoxide, 164 Molybdenum carbonyl, 194 Phenyliodine(III) diacetate, 242 Sulfuryl chloride, 284 Conjugate addition reactions Michael reactions Alumina, 14... 

Amide Enolates. The lithium (Z)-enolate can be generated from (5)-4-benzyl-3-propanoyl-2,2,5,5-tetra-methyloxazolidine and Lithium Diisopropylamide in THF at —78 °C. Its alkylations take place smoothly in the presence of Hexamethylphosphoric Triamide with high diastereoselec-tivity (eq 3), and its Michael additions to a,(3-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are also exclusively diastereoselective (eq 4). Synthetic applications have been made in the aldol reactions of the titanium (Z)-enolates of a-(alkylideneamino) esters. ... 

In an asymmetric approach to the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring system, a double Michael addition has been employed using phenylmenthyl acrylate as the initial Michael acceptor. The condensation of the dienolate, generated with Lithium Diisopropylamide, reacts with the acrylate to afford the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane derivative (eq 6). The de for the reaction is only 50% however, it is highly endo selective (>95%). ... 

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids ( )-trachelanthamidine (240) and ( )-supinidine (244) were synthesized, based on the Michael addition of an aziridine to an a,/J-unsaturated ester and subsequent ring opening of an aziridinium intermediate. Interest in these alkaloids stems from their biological activities. Treatment of ethyl 6-chloro-2-hexenoate (236) with excess aziridine at 0°C gave the pyrrolidine derivative 238 in one step, probably via the aziridinium salt 237 in 73% yield. The intramolecular cyclization of 238 with lithium diisopropylamide in tetrahydrofuran provided the thermodynamically more stable ester 239 as the sole product, (86%), which was then converted to ( )-trachelanthamidine (240) by reduction with lithium aluminum hydride. Since necine bases must contain a 1,2-didehydro system in their molecule to exhibit physiological activity, the following reactions were carried out to introduce a 1,2-didehydro system. Treatment of 238 with 2.4 equiv of lith-... 

Special attention should be given to the MIRC reaction of 2-bromobut-2-enoates with cyclohexenones, e.g. 1 and Table 10. When first cyclohexenone was added to a lithium diiso-propylamide solution, tricyclo[3.2.1.0 ]octan-6-ones were formed in 20-55% yield via double Michael addition, followed by intramolecular displacement. However, when ethyl 2-bro-mobut-2-enoate was first added to a lithium diisopropylamide solution, vinylcyclopropanes were formed in good yield (Table 10, entries 1-2). Other chalcones have also been used to produce vinylcyclopropanes (entries 3-8) with reasonable success. 

Ibrning to structurally more complex applications of 100, it has been shown that it can function as a Michael acceptor. For example, when the enolate of 2,4-dimethyl-cyclo-hexen-3-one (152) is treated with 100 in the presence of lithium hexamethyldisilazane (LiHMDS), dichlorovinylation takes place and 153 is formed. On the other hand, with lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) as base, the 1-chloroacetylene derivative 151 is produced [98-100] (Scheme 2-15). The reaction, which also takes place with other 1-chloroacetylenes, most likely involves the Michael intermediate 154 which — depending on reaction conditions — is either protonated or loses a chloride ion. On treatment with copper powder in tetrahydro-furan/acetic acid, 151 is dechlorinated the resulting terminal acetylene has been used for further transformations. 

Aromatic Annulation. 7-Methoxy-3-(phenylsulfonyl)-l(3Y/)-isobenzofuranone (1) can be deprotonated at —78 °C with either lithium diisopropylamide or lithium ferf-butoxide to form a soluble yellow anion which can be utilized as an effective nucleophile in the Michael reaction. The initial anionic adduct cyclizes with concomitant elimination of benzenesulfinic acid to yield a 1,4-dihydroxynaphthalene which is unambiguously disubstituted at the 2- and 3-positions (eq l). ... 

General synthetic procednre of intramolecular aza-Michael reaction for the synthesis of piperidine derivatives To a lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) solution in situ) of THF at —50°C, compound ( )-244 (100 mg, 0.46 mmol) dissolved in 1.0 mL of dry THF was added slowly, and the resulting mixmre was stirred for 1 hour to allow the formation of enolate. Then, 246 (0.46 mmol)... 

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