Micellar electrokinetic chromatography environmental applications

Isoo, K., Otsuka, K., and Terabe, S. (2001). Application of sweeping to micellar electrokinetic chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometric analysis of environmental pollutants. Electrophoresis 22, 3426-3432. 

Dedicated applications of capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled to MS are discussed, particularly in the field of drug analysis. Development of other capillary-based electrodriven separation techniques such as non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis (NACE), micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) hyphenated with MS are also treated. The successful coupling of these electromigration schemes with MS detection provides an efficient and sensitive analytical tool for the separation, quantitation, and identification of numerous pharmaceutical, biological, therapeutic, and environmental compounds. 

CRM for road dust (BCR-723) containing 81.3 2.5 Jg/kg Pt, 6.1 1.9 ig/ kg Pd, and 12.8 1.3 Jg/kg Rh, was introduced [49, 228]. It is widely used for quality control of results obtained in the analysis of environmental materials (e.g., airborne particulate matters, dusts, soils, and sediments). Comparison of results obtained using different analytical procedures and interlaboratory studies are recommended when there is a lack of suitable CRM (e.g., in examination of clinical samples). The use of standards based on real matrices (e.g., saliva, plasma, ultrafiltrates, and lung fluids) instead of synthetic solutions is recommended in such analyses. Difficulties with the identification and quantification of different metal species in examined samples make the reliability of results of great importance. The use of various instrumental techniques for examination of particular samples can be helpful. The application of chromatography, mass spectrometry, and electrochemistry [199] HPLC ICP MS and HPLC MS/MS [156] ESI MS and MALDI [162] micellar electrokinetic chromatography, NMR, and MS [167] AAS, ESI MS, and CD spectroscopy [179] SEC IC ICP MS and EC ESI MS [180] and NMR and HPLC [229] are examples of such approaches. 

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has emerged as an efficient and rapid separation technique in recent years. Its high efficiency has been employed in many applications such as in the analysis of environmental pollutants.Different approaches have been adopted to enhance selectivity for the analysis of different types of compounds. There are two approaches most commonly used to improve CE separations the addition of modifiers into the electrophoretic medium and the modification of the column. Examples of the first approach include the addition of surfactants into the electrophoretic medium as in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC), and the use of organic solvents,cyclodextrines, " " or bile salts " as buffer modifiers. Examples of the second method include the use of gel-filled columns (capillary gel electrophoresis) " and the coating of the capillary wall surface. " " ... 

See also Capillary Electrochromatography. Capillary Electrophoresis Environmental Applications. Gas Chromatography Overview. Immunoassays Overview. Liquid Chromatography Overview. Mass Spectrometry Overview. Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography. Sensors Overview. Spectrophotometry Ovenriew. Supercritical Fluid Chromatography Applications. Thin-Layer Chromatography Overview. 

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