Methylpropane properties

Like propane, butanes are obtained from natural gas liquids and from refinery gas streams. The C4 acyclic paraffin consists of two isomers n-butane and isobutane (2-methylpropane). The physical as well as the chemical properties of the two isomers are quite different due to structural differences, for example, the vapor pressure (Reid method) for n-butane is 52 Ib/in., while it is 71 Ib/in. for isobutane. This makes the former a more favorable gasoline additive to adjust its vapor pressure. However, this use is declining in the United States due to new regulations that reduce the volatility of gasolines to 9 psi, primarily by removing butane. ... 

The properties of a solvent that contribute to its ability to stabilize ions by solvation are related to the solvent s polarity. SN1 reactions take place much more rapidly in strongly polar solvents, such as water and methanol, than in less polar solvents, such as ether and chloroform. In the reaction of 2-chloro-2-methylpropane, for example, a rate increase of 100,000 is observed on going from ethanol (less polar) to water (more polar). The rate... 

Compounds having the same molecular formula but different molecular structures are called structural isomers. Butane and 2-methylpropane are referred to as structural isomers of C4H10. They are two distinct compounds with their own characteristic physical and chemical properties. 

Isomers are distinctly different compounds, with different properties, that have the same molecular formula. In Section 22.1, we considered structural isomers of alkanes. You will recall that butane and 2-methylpropane have the same molecular formula, C4H10, but different structural formulas. In these, as in all structural isomers, the order in which the atoms are bonded to each other differs. 

Methylpropanal, physical properties of, 2 60t 4 459t 2-Methylpropane, 78 594 2-Methylpropanoic (isobutyric) aid, physical properties, 5 35t Methylpropanol, 7 257t 2-Methylpropene, 4 402 78 594. See also Isobutylene... 

Carlier fundamental studies of autoxidations of hydrocarbons have concentrated on liquid-phase oxidations below 100 °C., gas-phase oxidations above 200°C., and reactions of alkyl radicals with oxygen in the gas phase at 25°C. To investigate the transitions between these three regions, we have studied the oxidation of isobutane (2-methylpropane) between 50° and 155°C., emphasizing the kinetics and products. Isobutane was chosen because its oxidation has been studied in both the gas and liquid phases (9, 34, 36), and both the products and intermediate radicals are simple and known. Its physical properties make both gas- and liquid -phase studies feasible at 100°C. where primary oxidation products are stable and initiation and oxidation rates are convenient. 

Alkanes having a particular molecular formula can exist as different constitutional isomers. For example, the alkane having the molecular formula C4H10can exist as two constitutional isomers-the straight chain alkane (butane) or the branched alkane (2-methylpropane Following fig.). These are different compounds with different physical and chemical properties. 

One difficulty that branches present is the possibility of the formation of isomers, molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures. In Figure 19.2, note how the molecules butane and 2-methylpropane have the same molecular formulas but different structures and properties ... 

Positional isomers are compounds that have the same number and kind of atoms but are arranged (or bonded) in a different order. They also have different physical and chemical properties. Butane (figure 3.1) can have two different stmctures, n-butane and 2-methylpropane ... 

Despite their identical molecular formulas, isomers have different properties. The boiling and melting points of 2-methylpropane and butane are different, as are their densities and solubilities in water. In addition, their chemical reactivity is different. Figure 18.3 shows some property differences in the isomers of pentane. 

As we saw earlier, there are two arrangements of the atoms represented by the molecular formula C4HJ0 butane and 2-methylpropane. Molecules having the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms are called constitutional, or structural, isomers. These isomers are unique compounds because of their structural differences, and they have different physical and chemical properties. Butane... 

Two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but different properties are called isomers. Isomers with different arrangements of bonded atoms are constitutional (or structural) isomers alkanes with the same number of C atoms but different skeletons are examples. The smallest alkane to exhibit constitutional isomerism has four C atoms two different compounds have the formula C4H10, as shown in Table 15.3 on the next page. The unbranched one is butane (common name, /t-butane n- stands for normal, or having a straight chain), and the other is 2-methylpropane (common name, i obutane). Similarly, three compounds... 

In this chapter, we describe the synthesis, kinetics, and solution properties of poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-sodium styrenesulfonate) [poly(NVP-co-NaSS)], poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-sodium acrylamido-2-methylpropane-sulfonate [poly(NVP-co-NaAMPS)], poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-N,N-di-methyl-N-methacroyloxyethylammoniopropanesulfonate [poly(NVP-co-SPE)], poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-N,N-dimethyhN-methacroylamidopropylam-moniopropanesulfonate [poly(NVP-co-SPP)], and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone-co-2-vinylpyridiniopropanesulfonate [poly(NVP-co-SPV)]. Radical copolymerizations were carried out in water solutions with AIBN initiator at elevated temperature (e.g., 60 °C), (see reactions 1-5). 

Copolymers with sites for association in aqueous solutions were pre-pared by copolymerizing acrylamide with N-alkylacrylamides or with the ampholytic monomer pairs sodium 2-acrylamido 2 methylpro-panesulfonate (NaAMPS) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane-dimethylammonium chloride (AMPDAC). The copolymers were characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and lowhangle laser and quasielastic lightscattering measurements. Rheological properties were studied as a function of microstructure, molecular weight, polymer concentration, electrolyte concentration, and shear rate. On the basis of those results, a conceptual model that is based on microheterogeneous domain formation in aqueous solutions is proposed. 

It is well known that polyelectrolyte gels swell, shrink or bend when DC electric current is applied [169]. These properties of gels are applicable for the construction of chemomechanical devices, artificial muscles, energy conversion systems etc. [170]. Osada and co-workers [171] have constructed an eel-like gel actuator on the basis of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid) and studied its chemomechanical properties. Polyampholyte gel is bent to the cathode or anode side if it has predominantly negative or positive charges along the macromolecules (Fig. 39) [172]. As seen from Fig. 39, the amplitude of deflection is gradually decreased with the approach to the lEP. This is probably due to... 

CAS 15214-89-8 EINECS/ELINCS 239-268-0 Synonyms 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate 2-Acryloylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid monomer AMPS 2-AMPS Empirical C7H13NO4S Formula H2C=CHC0NHC(CH3)2CH2S03H Properties M.w. 207.25 m.p. 195 C Toxicology Cancer suspect agent Precaution Corrosive... 

The condensed formulas and properties of the two compounds, butane and methylpropane, are as follows ... 

The butane with the unbranched carbon chain is called normal butane (abbreviated M-butane) it boils at 0.5°C and melts at -138.3 C. The branched-chain butane is called 2-methylpropane it boils at -11.7 C and melts at —159.5°C. These differences in physical properties are sufficient to establish that the two compounds, though they have the same molecular formula, are different substances. The structural arrangements of the atoms in methane, ethane, propane, butane, and 2-methylpropane are shown in Figure 19.4. 

Butane and 2-methylpropane are constitutional isomers they are different compounds and have different physical and chemical properties. Their boiling points, for example, differ by approximately 11°C. We will discuss how to name alkanes in the next section. 

Property Acrylic acid Methacrylic acid Acrylamide AT-Isopropyl- acrylamide 2-Acrylainido-2-methylpropane-sulfonic add... 

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