Methylphenidate Concerta formulations

More recently, a new oral, osmotic, extended-release formulation of methylphenidate (Concerta), with both an immediate and continuous release component, has been approved by the FDA (72). When taken once daily, it results in plasma levels similar to those achieved with a three-times-a-day schedule of the immediate-release formulation. In addition, serum concentrations appear to fluctuate less. The additional cost, however, is significant. 

Lopez F, Silva R, Pestreich L, et al Comparative efficacy of two once daily methylphenidate formulations (Ritalin LA and Concerta) and placebo in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder across the school day. Paediatr Drugs 5 545-555, 2003... 

MPH is most often taken in pill form. It is available in prescribed quantities of 5-, 10-, and 20-mg tablets. A sustained or delayed release 20-mg tablet is also available. In 2001, the FDA approved Concerta, a longer acting MPH tablet that is taken once a day. Besides its long lasting action, Concerta has another benefit Abusers sometimes grind MPH tablets into a powder and snort it up their noses, but Concerta is formulated so that it cannot be ground into a powder. According to the DEA, methylphenidate abusers also dissolve the immediate-release MPH tablets in water and then inject the mixture. 

Methylphenidate is marketed in the United States under the prescription names Concerta, Metadate, Methylin, and Ritalin (26). It is available in immediate and sustained-release formulations for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the symptomatic management of narcolepsy (a disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness). 

There are also sustained-release forms of methylphenidate. The effects of Ritalin SR (sustained release) last from 4 to 6 hours. A newer formulation called Concerta , which arrived on the market in 2002, lasts up to 12 hours and needs to be taken only once daily. 

In recent years, extensive use has been made of new formulations for old drugs, a good example being Alza s Concerta (methylphenidate, extended release Figure 1.22). This drug, used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents, uses sophisticated osmotic pressure delivery to maintain drug concentrations, with once a day (qd) dosing, at levels comparable with those observed with thrice daily... 

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