2- Methylnaphthalene mixture

Worldwide production of 2-methylnaphthalene is around 1,500 tpa. In addition, l-/2-methylnaphthalene mixtures are used in roughly the same amount as solvents and heat transfer oils. 

Quantum Yields for Scission in Vinylnaphthalene-Containing Polymers and Methylnaphthalene Mixtures in DMM... 

A diesel fuel has a cetane number X, if it behaves like a binary mixture of X% (by volume) n-cetane and of (100 - A) % a-methylnaphthalene. 

In a 500 ml. flask, fitted with a reflux condenser, place 53 g. of 1-chloro-methylnaphthalene (Section IV.23), 84 g, of hexamethylenetetramine and 250 ml. of 1 1 acetic acid [CAUTION 1-Chloromethylnaphtha-lene and, to a lesser degree, a-naphthaldehyde have lachrymatory and vesicant properties adequate precautions should therefore be taken to avoid contact with these substances.] Heat the mixture under reflux for 2 hours it becomes homogeneous after about 15 minutes and then an oil commences to separate. Add 100 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and reflux for a further 15 minutes this will hydrolyse any SchifiF s bases which may be formed from amine and aldehyde present and will also convert any amines into the ether-insoluble hydrochlorides. Cool, and extract the mixture with 150 ml. of ether. Wash the ether layer with three 50 ml. portions of water, then cautiously with 50 ml. of 10 per cent, sodium carbonate solution, followed by 50 ml. of water. Dry the ethereal solution with anhydrous magnesium sulphate, remove the ether by distillation on a steam bath, and distil the residue under reduced pressure. Collect the a-naphthaldehyde at 160-162718 mm. the yield is 38 g. 

The checkers preferred o -methylnaphthalene (Eastman, Practical) as the diluent. When it is used in the apparatus described the phenol does not distil, so that a reaction flask fitted with an air-cooled condenser is more convenient. The reactants in 60 g. of -methylnaphthalene are heated in an oil bath at 230° for 1.5 to 2 hours. Three grains of Norite and 20 g. more of a-methylnaphthalene are then added, and the mixture is treated as described in the Procedure. The yield and melting point of the product are identical with those described. 

Gasoline contains more than 250 components of a mixture of C4-C12 hydrocarbons, which varies in concentration from batch to batch. Some of these components are isobutane, n-butane. isopentane, n-pentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane, 3-methylpentane, n-hexane, 2,4-dimethylpentane, benzene, 2-methylhexane, 3-meth-ylhexane, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, 2,3,4-trimethylpentane, 2,5-dimethylhexane, 2,4-dimethylhexane, toluene, 2,3-dimethylhexane. ethylbenzene, methylethylbenzenes, m-, p-, and o-xylene, trimeth- ylbenzenes, naphthalene, methylnaphthalenes, and dimethylnaph-thalenes... 

Dissolve 71 g. of P-methylnaphthalene in 460 g. (283 ml.) of A.B. carbon tetrachloride and place the solution in a 1 -litre three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and reflux condenser. Introduce 89 g. of JV-bromosuccinimide through the third neck, close the latter with a stopper, and reflux the mixture with stirring for 16 hours. Filter ofiT the succinimide and remove the solvent under reduced pressure on a water bath. Dissolve the residual brown oil (largely 2-bromomethyl naphthalene) in 300 ml. of A.R. chloroform, and add it to a rapidly stirred solution of 84 g. of hexamine in 150 ml. of A.R. chloroform contained in a 2-litre three-necked flask, fitted with a reflux condenser, mechanical stirrer and dropping funnel maintain the rate of addition so that the mixture refluxes vigorously. A white solid separates almost immediately. Heat the mixture to reflux for 30 minutes, cool and filter. Wash the crystalline hexaminium bromide with two 100 ml. portions of light petroleum, b.p. 40-60°, and dry the yield of solid, m.p. 175-176°, is 147 g. Reflux the hexaminium salt for 2 hours with 760 ml. of 60 per cent, acetic acid, add 160 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid, continue the refluxing for 5 minutes more, and cool. Extract the aldehyde from the solution with ether, evaporate the ether, and recrystallise the residue from hot -hexane. The yield of p-naphthaldehyde, m.p. 69-60°, is 60 g. 

Tetralin and 1-methylnaphthalene were reagent grade and were used after washing with sulfuric acid, alkali, and water and the subsequent distillation at 70°C under reduced pressure. Various additives and model compounds were reagent grade, and some of them were used after recrystallization. Phenyl naphthyl ether and phenyl 9-phenanthryl ether were synthesized by refluxing a mixture of aryl bromide, phenol, CU2O and X-collidine (12). 

In additional experiments, HZSM-5 was precoked by converting methanol alone (into hydrocarbons) at 400 °C. Afterwards the zeolite was exposed to the 2-methylnaphtha-lene/methanol mixture, under the usual reaction conditions. The initial yield of 1-methylnaphthalene was significantly reduced (1.5 % compared to 4 % for the fresh catalyst, cf. Fig. 4). Furthermore, the initial content of 2,6- + 2,7-dimethylnaphthalene in the dimethyl-naphthalene fraction was 84 % instead of 70 % for the fresh catalyst. In another run, HZSM-5 was loaded with 0.5 wt.-% of Pt, and H2 was used as carrier gas instead of N2. Under these conditions, the formation of coke was avoided or at least drastically diminished. In-line with our model, no changes in the product yields and in the distribution of the dimethylnaphthalene isomers were observed with time on stream. 

Aromatic compounds are oxidized to quinones by bis(triorganosilyl) peroxides in the presence of a metal acid catalyst. Thus, 2-methylnaphthalene was oxidized with BTSP in the presence of Re207 and BU3PO in the presence of CHCI3, to a mixture of 59% 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and 8% 6-methy 1-1,4-naphthoquinone. ... 

Thiocyanation can be directed, by choice of suitable reaction conditions, to the nucleus or side chain of most aralkyl hydrocarbons. For example 1-methylnaphthalene gives exclusively l-methyI-4-cyanato-naphthalene in acetic acid in darkness but gives exclusively 1-thio-cyanatomethylnaphthalene on irradiated carbon tetrachloride solution. Mixtures of the two, in varying proportions, are obtained from solutions allowed to stand in ordinary sunlight. 

There are fewer UV absorbance studies of dinaphthylalkanes. Chandross and Dempster 9) have studied l,2-bis(l-naphthyl)ethane, l,3-bis(l-naphthyl)propane and l,4-bis(l-naphthyl)butane, as well as l,3-bis(2-naphthyl)propane and the compound l-(l-naphthyl)-3(2-naphthyl)propane. The latter had the same absorbance spectrum as a 50/50 mixture of 1- and 2-methylnaphthalene, while the bis compounds were shown to have the same absorbance spectrum as the corresponding methylnaphthalene isomer. These studies were made in a 90/10 v/v mixture of methylcyclohexane/isopen-... 

Figure 16.2. Some phase diagrams, (a) The water end of the system potassium chloride and water, (b) The water end of the system sodium chloride and water, (c) The water end of the system magnesium sulfate and water the heptahydrate goes to the mono at 150°C, and to anhydrous at 200°C. (d) /3-methylnaphthalene and /S-chloronaphthalene form solid solutions, (e) Mixtures of formamide and pyridine form a simple eutectic, (f) These mixtures form binary eutectics at the indicated temperatures and a ternary eutectic at mol fractions 0.392 dibenzyl, 0.338 diphenyl, and 0.27 naphthalene.

Cetane Number—The cetane number (C.N.) of a fuel is the percentage by volume of normal cetane in a mixture of cetane and alpha-methylnaphthalene which matches the unknown fuel in ignition quality when compared with a standard diesel engine under specified conditions. The C.N. scale ranges from 0 to 100 C.N. for fuels equivalent in ignition quality to alpha-methylnaphthalene and cetane, respectively. For routine-testing, secondary reference fuels having cetane values of about 25 and 74 are blended in any desired proportion. 

Methylnaphthalene. This preparation illustrates the general procedure for catalytic dehydrogenation. The apparatus used is shown in Fig. 6.1. Heat a mixture of 3.2 g (0.02 mol) of the above hydroaromatic compound with 0.3 g of palladised charcoal (Section 4.2.54, p. 452) at 250-270 °C in a slow current of dry carbon dioxide in a Silicone oil or fusible metal bath for 3 hours (1). Cool, dissolve the residue in ether and filter off the catalyst. Wash the extract with dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide and dry it over anhydrous sodium sulphate. Remove the ether and distil the residual oil under reduced pressure use a small-scale distillation apparatus (cf. Fig. 2.111). Collect the 1-methylnaphthalene, b.p. 121-123 °C/20mmHg. The yield is 2.5g (89%). 

The starting material C6H5OCH2CioH7 reacted more easily than did C6H5OCH2CioD7. Equimolar mixtures of D- and 77-naphthylmethyl phenyl ethers were reduced by the one-electron donor. The product of this cleavage was found to contain an excess of nondeuterated methylnaphthalene. Conversely, the remaining unchanged material contains an excess of na-... 

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