2-methoxy ethoxide

Sodium 2 methoxy ethoxide, reaction with vinylidene chloride to yield ketcne di(2 methoxyetbyl) acetal, 47, 78... 

A dramatic development in the anionic polymerization of acrylate and methacrylate monomers was the discovery that by addition of lithium chloride it was possible to effect the controlled polymerization of f-butyl acrylate (86). Thus, using oligomeric (o -methylstyryl)lithium as initiator in THF at —78°C, the molecular weight distribution (M /Mn) of the polymer was 3.61 in the absence of lithium chloride but 1.2 in the presence of lithium chloride ([LiCl]/[RLi] = 5). In the presence of 10 equiv of LiCl, f-butyl acrylate was polymerized with 100% conversion and 95% initiator efficiency to provide a polymer with a quite narrow molecular weight distribution (My,/Mn = 1.05). More controlled anionic polymerizations of alkyl methacrylates are also obtained in the presence of lithium chloride. Other additives, which promote controlled pol5unerization of acylates and methacrylates, include lithium f-butoxide, lithium (2-methoxy)ethoxide, and crown ethers (47,48). The addition of lithium chloride also promotes the controlled anionic polymerization of 2-vinylpyridine. 

The O-alkyl derivatives of those A-oxides, which exist partly or entirely as (V-hydroxy tautomers, may be made by primary synthesis (as above) or by alkylation. Thus, 5,5-diethyl-1-hydroxybarbituric acid (936 R = H) with methyl iodide/sodium ethoxide gives the 1-methoxy derivative (936 R = Me) or with benzenesulfonyl chloride/ethoxide it gives the alkylated derivative (936 R = PhS02) (78AJC2517). 

Dimethyl 4-ethoxy-2,7-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-l 7/-azepine-3,6-dicarboxylate (1) with sodium ethoxide in refluxing diethyl ether, or on standing at room temperature in carbon tetrachloride solution, readily loses ethanol to yield dimethyl 2,7-dimethyl-4//-azepine-3,6-dicar-boxylate (2).29 The 4-methoxy derivative is also unstable and on warming at 100 C under reduced pressure loses methanol to yield the same product (44%).120... 

On treatment with sodium ethoxide in ethanol, methyl 2,4,6-tri-O-methyl-a- (72) and -/3-D-ribo-hexosid-3-ulose yielded l-deoxy-2-methoxy-4,6-di-0-methyl-D-hex-l-en-3-ulose (73) and several isomeric ethyl 2,3,6-tri-0-methylhexosid-3-uloses (74) (see Scheme 10).133 On alkaline degradation of methyl 2,3-di-0-ethyl-6-0-pro-pyl-a-D-xy/o-hexosid-4-ulose (75) with sodium 1-butoxide in 1-butanol, one mole of ethanol was released per mole of 75, indicating that the substituent at C-2 was preferentially eliminated. On mild, acid hydrolysis of the product, methanol, ethanol, and some 1-propanol were formed, consistent with fission at C-l, C-3, and, to some extent, C-6 (see Scheme 10).134... 

There is a difference in the ease with which the two chlorine groups in 4,10-dichloro-l,7-phenanthroline are replaced by nucleophiles. For example, the 10-chloro substituent reacts with sodium ethoxide five hundred times faster than the 4-chloro substituent. Consequently, 4-chloro- 10-ethoxy, 4-chloro- 10-methoxy-, 4-chloro- 10-anilino, and 4-chloro-10-hydroxy-1,7-phenanthrolines can be prepared from 4,10-dichloro-l,7-phenanthroline.97, 171,172,336 The exceptional reactivity of the 10-chloro group is attributed to relief of strain in the transition state in its reaction with nucleophilic reagents.336 With excess of the nucleophilic reagents, both chlorines in 4,10-dichloro-l,7-phenanthroline are replaced.171, 172,336... 

To obtain improved ionic mobility, and thus high conductivity, alternative polymer structures have been developed, for example comb-branched block copolymers such as poly[bis(methoxy ethoxy ethoxide)], usually known as MEEP. Room temperature conductivities of MEEP-based polymer electrolytes of the order of 10-5 S/cm have been achieved, values... 

Ethyl 3-phenylpropynoate and a>-methoxyacetophenone condense in the presence of ethoxide ion to give 5-methoxy-4,6-diphenylpyran-2-one and clearly much variation in substituents is possible in this synthesis. 

To magnesium ethoxide (5.9 g) was added diethyl malonate (7 g) in anhydrous toluene (35 ml) dropwise and the mixture was warmed for 2 h at 50° to 60°C and then cooled to -10°C. To the mixture was added a solution of the acid chloride (8.86 g) in anhydrous toluene (10 ml) dropwise over 15 min. After stirring for 1 h at -5° to 0°C, ice water (30 ml) containing concentrated sulfuric acid (8 ml) was added to the mixture and the organic layer was separated. The organic layer was washed with saturated saline solution, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and then concentrated to give diethyl 3-methoxy-2,4,5-trifluorobenzoylmalonate (13.64 g) as brown oil. 

The above iodides have been used as 1 -labelled building blocks in the preparations of [3-nC]tyrosine, (9-methyl[3-nC]tyrosine, /7-chloro[3-nC]phenylalanine and / -fluoro[3-JlC]phenylalanine by alkylations of glycine derivatives241. The [nC]ethyl ether derivatives (using sodium ethoxide as nucleophile) and 3-nitrophenyl-4-methoxy[(Z-nC]benzyl ether (using sodium 3-nitrophenolate) have been synthesized also, employing 4-methoxy(ar-14C)benzyl iodide 18324. ... 

The reaction proceeds differently when sym-trinitrobcnzcnc is heated with sodium ethoxide. One of the nitro groups is substituted by a methoxy or ethoxy group, 3,5-dinitroanisole or 3,5-dinitrophenetole being formed ... 

Under the influence of an alcoholic solution of sodium- or potassium methoxide or ethoxide one of the nitro groups may be replaced by the methoxy or ethoxy group ... 

Bis[2-methoxybenzoyl] tellurium reacted with potassium ethoxide, piperidine, morpholine, or aniline to produce potassium or ammonium salts of 2-methoxy-7c-benzoate3. 

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