Methods of solid-state analysis

In order to characterize solids, we need an assembly of techniques to cover different types of information. These types can be roughly divided into those providing primarily structural information and methods that measure preferentially thermodynamic or particle and bulk properties. 

X-ray diffraction methods (powder, single crystal) Spectroscopy (UV, IR, Raman, solid-state NMR) Thermal analysis, microcalorimetry, solubility determination, vapour pressure determination Moisture sorption Microscopy and micromeritics 

X-ray diffraction is a formidable tool for the examination of crystalline material. The theory and practice of single-crystal X-ray diffractometry will be covered here only briefly, since there are many reference sources for in-depth information [15-20], 

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), also known as X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), is a routine method for both the qualitative and quantitative analysis 

The effects of preferred orientation on PXRD patterns are illustrated in Fig. 7.6 which presents diffraction patterns of a set of theoretical aspirin crystals. Although only one crystal form of aspirin is known, the outward appearance of 

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