Methodology potential pesticide exposure

The first pesticide exposure study was reported by Griffiths et al. (1951). Parathion was trapped on respirator filter discs during application to citrus trees. Batchelor and Walker (1954) expanded exposure monitoring to include the estimation of potential dermal exposure using pads attached to workers clothing. Durham and Wolfe (1962), in their classic review of worker exposure methodologies, also provided some experimental validation for the best available methods. 

Although a comprehensive survey of occupational and residential exposure data requirements across all regulatory jurisdictions is beyond the scope of this chapter, it is evident that the majority of jurisdictions require an assessment of exposure for conventional pesticides if the proposed use pattern indicates potential handler exposure (either occupational and residential) or agricultural re-entry exposure. The extent to which exposure assessments are required/conducted for residential re-entry scenarios or bystanders, however, is less uniform. Although most jurisdictions require/conduct assessments for residential re-entry scenarios (e.g. treated turf, carpeL etc.), exposure assessment methodology for other types of bystander exposure scenarios (e.g. residential exposure in agricultural areas, direct exposure to drift, exposures from the use of pesticides in schools, daycare centers and other public places) is less mature and requires further collaboration. 

As described by the UK Pesticide Safety Directorate, the NESTI method basically is a point estimate [8]. The NESTI methodology calculates the dietary exposure using high-end consumption and the highest residue value, adjusted by a variability factor, to account for potential variability between individual commodity units. Nonetheless, the calculated NESTI statistic is a point estimate. 

There are a number of procedures that may be used in determining potential adverse health risk in man from exposure to pesticides. These include epidemiology, which can be applied to pesticides currently in use in an attempt to determine if any adverse health effects in man are evident from the registered uses of the pesticide. Animal bioassays, perhaps the most important methodology used in determining potential adverse health risk to man from exposure to pesticides, can be performed... 

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