Metazoans, pelagic

Photosynthesis in the aquatic environment as affected by UVR UVR and pelagic metazoans UVR-induced injuries in freshwater vertebrates Behavioral responses - UVR avoidance and vision... 

Based on the present literature is may be concluded that UVR may play a key role for pelagic metazoans, and that it often plays in concert with other ambient factors that may be mutually strengthening. 

The role of melanin in other pelagic metazoans has been less well studied. Melanie zooplankton are generally rare both in freshwater and marine areas since this would dramatically increase the risk of predation, yet there are some surface dwelling species that may have a conspicuous dark coloration such as some species of Arctic winged snails (opistobranchs) with high levels of melanin (Hessen unpublished). 

Taxa specific responses/evidence for in situ effects of UVR on pelagic metazoans... 

Can strong conclusions now be drawn as to the effect of UVR on pelagic metazoans For some species yes but for most species no. This is still a field where most work is yet to be done, and where, probably, the major effects are rather subtle and sub-lethal. Judging from the general knowledge on UVR and autotrophs, it is reasonable to believe that present day UVR strongly modifies... 

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