Metals freezing points Table

These were developed in an endeavor to expand the range of metals that could be incorporated into an ionic liquid. The presence of waters of hydration decreases the melting point of metal salts because it decreases the lattice energy. Hence, as Figure 2.4 shows, hydrated salts should be more likely to form mixtures with quaternary ammonium salts that are liquid at ambient temperature than anhydrous salts. Table 2.5 shows a list of some of the metal salts that have been made into ionic liquids with choline chloride and the freezing point of a lChCl 2metal salt mixture. 

To date the only concerted study has been carried out using chromium chloride, but it has been reported that a number of other metals form this type of eutectic mixture and Table 2.5 lists just some of the metal salts that have been studied, together with their freezing points in eutectic mixtures with choline chloride. Potentially there are some very interesting systems but to date only Cr and Co have been deposited from these liquids. The deposition of metals such as A1 and Ca is not possible due to the limited potential window of these liquids. 

Table A-2 Boiling and freezing point properties 843 Table A-3 Properties of solid metals 844 846 Table A-4 Properties of solid nonmetals 847 Table A-5 Properties of building materials 848-849 Table A-6 Properties of insulating materials 850 Table A-] Properties of common foods 851-852 Table A-8 Properties of miscellaneous materials 853 TableA-9 Properties of saturated water 854 Table A 10 Properties of saturated refrigerant-134a 855 Table A-11 Properties of saturated ammonia 856 Table A-12 "Properties of saturated propane 857 Table A-13 Properties of liquids 858 Table A-14 Properties of liquid metals 859 Table A- 5 Properties of air at 1 atm pressure 860 TableA-16 Properties of gases at 1 atm pressure 861-862 Table A-17 Properties of the atmosphere at high altitude 863 Table A-18 Emissivities of surfaces 864-865 Table A-19 Solar radiative properties of materials 866 Figure A-20 The Moody chart for friction factor for fully developed flow in circular pipes 867...

This has been called the ionic self-dehydration reaction 29. Only four of the five equilibria, Eqs. (3) to (7) are independent and it has been found convenient to discuss the self-dissociation in terms of Eqs. (3), (5), (6), and (7). Values for the corresponding equilibrium constants are given in Table II. The values at 10° were obtained from a detailed study (4, 0 of the freezing points of solutions of metal hydrogen sulfates, water, and disulfuric acid, each of which represses the selfdissociation equilibria in a different way. Table III gives the concentration of each of the products of the self-dissociation. The total molal concentration of 0.0424 at 10° corresponds to a freezing point of 10.625°... 

Molecular Depression of the Freezing Point Molecular Elevation of the Boiling Point Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Nomograph and Table for Doppler Linewidths Optical Properties of Metals... 

Activities of Alkali Metal Citrates at Freezing Point Temperatures Table 5.5 Freezing temperatures in the alkali metal citrate - water systems [149]... 

Table XXXV.—Freezing and Melting Points op Sulphur and the Alkali Metals.

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