Metallurgy of copper

Developments in the metallurgy of copper or its alloys were mentioned in 1556 in De MetalBca where the process of copper ore was described by Agricola (see also Copper alloys). About that time, smelting operations commenced at Mansfield, Germany, and at the Swansea smelter in Wales. Both smelters employed successive oxidations and reductions to eliminate iron and sulfur. The process used in the Swansea smelter is similar to modern techniques. 

A. K. Biswas and W. G. Davenport, Extractive Metallurgy of Copper Pergamon Press, New York, 1980. 

E. Shapiro and E. N. Mandigo, FormingEimit AnalysisforEnhancedFabrication, INCRA Monograph X, The Metallurgy of Copper, INCRA, New York, 1983. 

C20-0116. Design a flowchart that summarizes the metallurgy of copper from chalcopyrite. 

J. C. Yannopoulos and J. C. Agarwal, eds., Extractive Metallurgy of Copper (2 Vols.), Proc. of International Symposium, Las Vegas, 1976, AIME, New York, 1976. 

Coghlan, H. H. (1951), Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World, Pitt Rivers Museum, Univ. Oxford, Oxford, UK. 

Merkel, J. F. (1990), Experimental reconstruction of Bronze Age copper smelting based on archaeological evidence from Timna, in Rothenberg, B. (ed.), The Ancient Metallurgy of Copper, International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, London, pp. 78-122. 

Duyvesteyn, W. P. C. Sabacky, B. J. Ammonia Leaching Process for Escondida Copper Concentrates (Reprinted from Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Vol. 1, 1993). Trans. Inst. Min. Metall. Sect. C-Miner. Process. Extr. Metall. 1995, 104, C125-C140. 

Biswas, A. K. Davenport, W. G. International Series in Materials Science and Technology, Vol. 20 Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, Pergamon, Oxford, Engl. 1976. 

Coghlan, H. H. and Case, H. J. (1957). Early metallurgy of copper in Ireland and Britain. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 23 91-123. 

Bergs0e, Paul, The Gilding Process and the Metallurgy of Copper and Lead... 

Thus M. Berthelot analyzed a small votive figure from the excavations at Tello in Ancient Chaldea, and found it to consist of nearly pure copper. The age of this figure is variously estimated at from 3000 to 4000 B. C. A small metal cylinder from Egypt of a period estimated at about 4000 B. C. was also of copper. Thus the mining and metallurgy of copper is at least 5,000 years old, and as to how much older, evidence from dependable chronology may be lacking. 

Refs. [i] Pletcher D, Walsh PC (1990) Industrial electrochemistry, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London [ii] Davenport WG, King M, Schals-ing M, Biswas AK (2002) Extractive metallurgy of copper, 4th edn. Elsevier, Oxford... 

Davenport, W.G., King, M., Schlesinger, M. and Biswas, A.K. (2002) Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, 4th Edition. Elsevier Science Ltd., Oxford, England, 219. www.elsevier.com... 

These sources are detailed in the book, but our main subject is production of sulfuric acid from S02(g). Readers interested in smelting and roasting offgases might enjoy our other books Extractive Metallurgy of Copper (2002) and Flash Smelting (2003). 

Copper.org. Metallurgy of Copper-Base Alloys. Available online. URL http //www.copper.org/resources/properties/703 5/703 5. html. Accessed on July 23, 2007. 

Compare Carpenter, Cantor Lectures on Progress in the Metallurgy of Copper, Royal Society of Arts, December, 1917. 

Tor full metallurgical details reference should be made to Modem Copper Smelting, by D. M. Levy (Griffin Co.) and to the Cantor Lectures on Progress in the Metallurgy of Copper, by H. C. H. Carpenter (Royal Society of Arts, December 1917). 

Ql. Queneau, P., ed., Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, Nickel, and Cobalt. Wiley... 

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