Metallic therapeutic agents

Formazans and their metal complexes are used as textile dyes by direct application. The in situ reduction of tetrazolium salts has not been used to introduce the dyes to their substrates. Treatment with triaryl mono and bis tetrazolium salts followed by a reducing agent such as ascorbic acid or thioglycolic acid has been claimed as a method of introducing formazans as permanent hair dyes.641 There are some references to their use as therapeutic agents.642 544... 

Uses. Selenium is used extensively in the manufacture and production of glass, pigments, rubber, metal alloys, textiles, petroleum and medical therapeutic agents. It is markedly photoconductive and widely used in photoelectric devices. 

The cyclopropane moiety is a fundamental class of functional group present in both natural products and numerous therapeutic agents. It has provided the impetus for significant breakthroughs in the use of metal carbenoids [151] and organocatalytic ylide intermediates [152, 153] such that rehable methods exist for most disconnective strategies on this ring system. 

Mechanism of Action A chelating agent that contains two sulfhydryl groups that form a stable, nontoxic chelate 5-membered heterocyclic ring with heavy metals. Therapeutic Effect Prevents the metal from combining with sulfhydryl groups on physiologic proteins and keeps them inactive until they can be excreted. 

Lot-to-lot differences in the purity of the therapeutic agent must be considered when evaluating in-process and finished-product test results. In addition to potency such qualities as particle size distribution, bulk density, and source of the material will be of interest. Such information should be available from the raw material test reports prepared by the quality control laboratory for each lot of material received. The physical characteristics of the excipients should not be overlooked, especially for those materials with inherent variability. Metallic stearates is a classic example. In such instances, the source of supply is desirable information to have available. 

Lithium, Li, atomic number 3, is the lightest group 1A metal that should be mentioned as a toxicant because of its widespread use as a therapeutic agent to treat manic-depressive disorders. It is also used in a number of industrial applications, where there is potential for exposure. 

This reaction converts disulfiram, a therapeutic agent for the treatment of alcohol abuse, discussed in Section 17.3, to dithiocarb (diethylthiocarbamate), a substance that strongly binds metals and is used for the treatment of nickel carbonyl poisoning. 

Vanadium has marked influences on cellular growth, cellular oxidation-reduction, and enzyme function. The metal is part of the active site of some enzymes, widely believed to be a required ultra trace nutrient, and is toxic in large amounts. The development of vanadium complexes as therapeutic agents for diabetes and cancer is being actively pursued. Much of the influence of vanadium on biological processes... 

Recent reviews with some emphasis on medical applications of CO and CO-releas-ing molecules include CO and NO in Medicine [13], Use of carbon monoxide as a therapeutic agent promises and challenges [14] and Chemistry and biological activities of CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) and transition metal complexes [15]. 

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