Metal vapor synthesis apparatus

Atypical synthesis of naAed NHC-containing complexes has been reported by Cloke and coworkers. As shown in equation (7), the co-condensation of nickel, paUadium, and platinum vapor with the free NHC, TBu, provided two-coordinated homoleptic complexes of Ni(0), Pd(0), and Pt(0) (43). Unfortunately, in addition to the poor yield of the isolated product, this original methodology required a metal vapor synthesis apparatus. 

An alternative synthetic procedure is to use Metal Vapor Synthesis (MVS) (see Metal Vapor Synthesis of Transition Metal Compounds). This method of preparation is hindered by the high boiling point of molybdenum and the expense of the MVS apparatus. It does, however, allow a greater range of functionalized bis-a.rene complexes to be synthesized. ... 

Metal-containing polymers may be produced by various methods, such as chemical reactions of precursors— in particular, reactions of metal salts in polymer solutions, the treatment of polymers with metal vapors, or the polymerization of various metal-monomer systems [1-4], Depending on the metal nature and the polymer structure, these processes lead to organometallic units incorporated into polymer chains, metal-polymer complexes, or metal clusters and nanoparticles physically connected with polymer matrix. Of special interest are syntheses with the use of metal vapors. In this case, metal atoms or clusters are not protected by complexones or solvate envelopes and consequently have specific high reactivity. It should be noted that the apparatus and principles of metal vapor synthesis techniques are closely related to many industrial processes with participation of atomic and molecular species [5]—for example, manufacturing devices for microelectronic from different metals and metal containing precursors [6]. Vapor synthesis methods employ varying metals and... 

The electron-beam furnace is widely used industrially, and offers good temperature control and the ability to vaporize metals, non-metals, and ceramics at temperatures of up to 4000 °C. Such a furnace was originally used by Green and Young in a rotary apparatus vide infra) for the synthesis of bis(77-arene)titanium complexes. The essential features of the furnace are shown in Figure 6. 

SiCNWs can be fabricated by several methods for example, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), carbon nanotubes templates, laser ablation and thermal evaporation. Most of these methods need special apparatuses and complicated operation, and some of them need catalyst which reduces the purity and quality of SiCNWs. Thermal evaporation method is a low cost and un-complex way to fabricate SiCNWs using pre-oxidized silicon powder and methane gas as precursors without any metal catalyst. High yield of products are obtained per one synthesis. 

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