Metal slag processes

Sinter-ofen, m. sintering furnace, -prozess, m. (Metal.) slag process, -quarz, m. siliceous sin ter. -r dstung, /. sinter roasting, -schlacke, /. clinker, -stein, m. sinter brick. 

Flow processes in thoroughly mixed metal-slag-gas systems... 

Electroslag Also called ESR. A general term for any electrolytic metal extraction process in which the metal is produced in the molten state beneath a layer of molten slag. Used mainly for ferrous alloys. 

The cooling tower, which is an efficient air scrubber can easily become a catchall for contaminants resulting from the location of the tower or from the industrial process. In arid areas, ingress of sand contributes to fouling, which reduces efficiency and contributes to biofilm and under-deposit corrosion. In coastal areas, sand laden with chlorides can cause corrosion of stainless steel components and impair chemical corrosion inhibitor performance. Heavy industries, such as steel or aluminum manufacture, produce severely contaminated cooling water resulting from direct contact with metal slags and lubricants. 

Can one explain this importance of the slag Measurements of conductance as a function of temperature and of transport number indicate that the slag is an ionic conductor (liquid electrolyte). In the metal-slag interface, one has the classic situation (Fig. 5.81) of a metal (i.e., iron) in contact with an electrolyte (i.e., the molten oxide electrolyte, slag), with all the attendant possibilities of corrosion of the metal. Corrosion of metals is usually a wasteful process, but here the current-balancing partial electrodic reactions that make up a corrosion situation are indeed the very factors that control the equilibrium of various components (e.g., S ) between slag and metal and hence the properties of the metal, which depend greatly on its trace impurities. For example,... 

Between the bath and the metal-slag zone, mass transfer of Fe droplets takes place. During a major part of the process, the decarburisation reaction is limited by the oxygen supply. After reaching the critical point, it is limited by the carbon transport to the reaction zone. Therefore, at the critical point, we have... 

As the kinetic and transport limitations of the process are modelled by the interlink of the reaction zones, the zones themselves can be treated assuming thermochemical equilibrium. Although derived with regard to the decarburisation reaction, the present model is also valid for other chemical components with similar behaviour present in hot metal and slag. Processes determined by other kinetic phenomena, such as the melting of scrap and the dissolution of lime, need to be modelled separately. 

PC. Rowlands, in Metal-Slag-Gas Reactions and Processes, eds. Z. A. Foroulis and W. W. Smeltzer, Toronto, Electrochemical Society, 1975, p. 409. 

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