METAL HYPOCHLORITES

Among the oxidative breakers, alkali, metal hypochlorites, and inorganic and organic peroxides have been described in literature. These materials degrade the polymer chains by oxidative mechanisms. Carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum, or partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides were used for testing a series of oxidative gel breakers in a laboratory study [180]. 

METAL HYPOCHLORITES, CHLORITE SALTS METAL HALOGENATES, METAL PERCHLORATES... 

See Chlorine Phenylmagnesium bromide See other METAL HYPOCHLORITES... 

Sodium bromate, 0257 Sodium chlorite, 4032 Thallium bromate, 0260 CHLORITE SALTS METAL HALOGENATES METAL HYPOCHLORITES METAL PERCHLORATES... 

Metal cyanides(and cyano complexes), 216 Metal derivatives of organofluorine compounds, 217 IV-Metal derivatives, 218 Metal dusts, 220 Metal fires, 222 Metal fulminates, 222 Metal halides, 222 Metal—halocarbon incidents, 225 Metal halogenates, 226 Metal hydrazides, 226 Metal hydrides, 226 Metal hypochlorites, 228 Metallurgical sample preparation, 228 Metal nitrates, 229 Metal nitrites, 231 Metal nitrophenoxides, 232 Metal non-metallides, 232 Metal oxalates, 233 Metal oxides, 234 Metal oxohalogenates, 236 Metal oxometallates, 236 Metal oxonon-metallates, 237 Metal perchlorates, 238 Metal peroxides, 239 Metal peroxomolybdates, 240 Metal phosphinates, 240 Metal phosphorus trisulfides, 240 Metal picramates, 241 Metal pnictides, 241 Metal polyhalohalogenates, 241 Metal pyruvate nitrophenylhydrazones, 241 Metals, 242 Metal salicylates, 243 Metal salts, 243 Metal sulfates, 244 Metal sulfides, 244 Metal thiocyanates, 246 Metathesis reactions, 246 Microwave oven heating, 246 Mild steel, 247 Milk powder, 248... 

High temperature chlorination of imines makes a few special (perhalogenated) imidoyl chlorides accessible. From the preparative point of view the oxidation of aldUmines with r-butyl hypochlorite or alkali metal hypochlorite - is more convenient and of broader scope for the synthesis of imidoyl chlorides (215 Scheme 30). Aldimines are converted to imidoyl chlorides (215) by heating with PCI5 in xylene. ... 

Arheopectic pigmented bleach (alkali metal hypochlorite) hard surface cleaner formulated with bentonite clay is disclosed in U.S. Patent 5,688,435. Examples of time-dependent shear effects determined from constant shear rate measurements at 1, 10, 50, and 100 sec-1 are provided in the patent and shown in Figure 4.2 and Figure 4.3. The viscosity data show evidence of shear thickening as a function of time at constant shear rates of 1 and 10 sec-1 and thixotropy occurs at 50 and 100 sec-1. The formulation is rheopectic at 10 sec-1. Dynamic mechanical data are also contained in the patent and the storage and loss modulus as a function of strain amplitude is shown in Figure 4.4, for one patent example. 

Hypochlorites are an irritant to skin. Acnte oral toxicity is low for the calcinm salt. The oral LD50 value in rats is 850 mg/kg. Ingestion of sodinm hypochlorite may canse gastric perforation and corrosion of mncons membranes. Toxicity of metal hypochlorites is attribnted to the toxicity of the metal cations present in the salts. 

Ketopantoyl lactone has also been reported to be easily prepared by the oxidation of d, I-pantoyl lactone with alkaline metal hypochlorite or by reaction of sodium dimethylpyruvate with formaldehyde in the presence of potassium carbonate. ... 

---