Metal-free organic materials

Structure-property relationships for metal-free organic magnetic materials... 

Structure-property relationships for metal-free organic magnetic materials, 45, 93 Substitution, aromatic, a quantitative treatment of directive effects in, 1, 35 Substitution, nueleophilic vinylic, 7, 1... 

R. Zhu, et al. Highly efficient nanoporous TiOj-polythiophene hybrid solar cells based on interfacial modification using a metal-free organic dye. Advanced Materials, 2009. 21(9) p. 994-1000. 

As mentioned above, much effort has been put in to developing more biocompatible metal-free organic catalysts for the use of PLA materials in biomedical and microelectronic applications. Scheme 1.11 summarizes the organic catalysts recently developed for the ROP of various lactone monomers. 

The reason for the formation of a lattice can be the isotropic repulsive force between the atoms in some simple models for the crystalhzation of metals, where the densely packed structure has the lowest free energy. Alternatively, directed bonds often arise in organic materials or semiconductors, allowing for more complicated lattice structures. Ultimately, quantum-mechanical effects are responsible for the arrangements of atoms in the regular arrays of a crystal. 

The activity of elemental carbon as a metal-free catalyst is well established for a couple of reactions, however, most literature still deals with the support properties of this material. The discovery of nanostructured carbons in most cases led to an increased performance for the abovementioned reasons, thus these systems attracted remarkable research interest within the last years. The most prominent reaction is the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of ethylbenzene and other hydrocarbons in the gas phase, which will be introduced in a separate chapter. The conversion of alcohols as well as the catalytic properties of graphene oxide for liquid phase selective oxidations will also be discussed in more detail. The third section reviews individually reported catalytic effects of nanocarbons in organic reactions, as well as selected inorganic reactions. 

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