Merck, firm

French firms, Rhc ne-Poulenc and, to a lesser extent, Roussel-Uclaf. Smaller amounts are produced in Japan by Nippon Petrochemical, in Hungary by Medimpex-Richter, and by minor producers in several other countries. Barber manufacturers, particularly Merck (U.S.) and Glaxo (U.K.), have exited the market. Although estimates vary, it appears that ca 10,000 kg/yr of vitamin is produced (1). 

Crixivan, a drug produced by Merck and Co. (the world s premier drug firm, 1 billion annual research spending), is widely used in the fight against AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). 

Second, the vaccine industry is small and unstable. It basically consists of four major pharmaceutical firms many smaller, older vaccine manufacturers and a number of biotech firms. In 2001, the dominant vaccine manufacturers in the U.S. market were Merck, Aventis Pasteur, Glaxo, and Wyeth-Ayerst (now Wyeth). Annual vaccine sales for these four firms are in the 1 billion range for each of the first three companies and around 500 million for Wyeth. Recent reports, such as those on the shortage of influenza vaccine, indicate that these firms confront a number of problems in vaccine production. A number of smaller firms hold FDA licenses for vaccines based on technology from earlier eras and face disincentives, including prohibitively high capital costs, to upgrade production capabilities to... 

Major pharmaceutical firms also devote substantial resources to train their professional workforce for dealing with FDA and complying with FDA regulations. We provide two examples Wyeth-Ayerst and Merck. Wyeth-Ayerst Global Pharmaceuticals, North America and Puerto Rico, requires that all personnel who participate in the... 

In the early days of the chemical industry, manufacturers were reluctant to set up laboratories, but towards the end of the nineteenth century firms started to build laboratories both for analysis and research.280281 Analysis also played a role in the development of the laboratory in the early pharmaceutical industry.282 The history and development of the analytical and quality control laboratories at the Merck company in Darmstadt has been examined.283 The changing role of the chemist in the British alkali industry has also been investigated.284,285... 

Oxidation of 4,4-dimethyl-l,7-diphenyl-l,6-hcptadiyne-3,5-diol (1) with active manganese dioxide (German firm of Merck) ... 

In-house chemical information management systems began to emerge at some of the larger chemical and pharmaceutical firms. These included CONTRAST and SOCRATES at Pfizer, SYNLIB at SmithKline, COUSIN at Upjohn, MSDRL/CSIS at Merck, and CROSSBOW at ICI (27). The Chemical Abstracts database was made available online in 1967 (28). In 1980 this became CAS ONLINE. A compre-... 

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