Mental clouding

Scopolamine doses An anticholinergic that induces mental clouding or twilight sleep at high doses. 

Behavioral effects of opioids include euphoria, sedation and mental clouding. Physiological effects include respiratory depression, decreased heart rate, contraction of the pupil, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. Opioids can also release histamine from body stores, causing severe itching, hypotension, sweating, and flushing. 

Effects Trembling within a few minutes followed by perspiration and physical stimulation for 10-15 minutes, then calm with mental clouding, hallucinations, increased color, blue-violet shades, size changes, and improvide night vision. Harmala alkaloids are short-term MAO inhibitors. 

Later, in his safety update of the NDA on October 17, 1986, Kapit spoke of several cases of a syndrome of fluoxetine-induced hyper-arousal and excessive stimulation... [that] resemble episodes of stimulant drug intoxication. It was especially likely to occur at higher doses, but it could occur at the standard 20 mgs. The state of overstimulation included anxiety, agitation, insomnia, headache, confusion, dizziness, obnubilation [mental clouding], memory dysfunction, tremor, impaired motor coordination. Hyperactivity, hypomania, and mania may sometimes occur. In overdose, the drug produces an even more flagrant stimulant syndrome culminating in seizures. Thus there is a continuum of stimulation effects. 

Opioids produce analgesia without loss of consciousness, although drowsiness, changes in mood, and mental clouding occur. Responses to painful stimuh are blocked at several locations in the brain, resulting in both an alteration in the sensation of pain and a change in the affective response. The ability of a patient to perceive pain can remain the same while tolerance to pain is markedly increased (29). 

Early studies in our laboratory confirmed the analgesic activity of nalorphine in man and we estimated that nalorphine was approximately as potent an analgesic as morphine on a milligram basis (5). We also confirmed that nalorphine produced other effects remarkably similar to those of morphine, including sedation, nausea, vomiting, mental clouding, and respiratory depres-... 

UNTOWARD EFFECTS AND PRECAUTIONS Morphine and related opioids produce a wide spectrum of unwanted effects, including respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, mental clouding, dysphoria, pruritus, constipation, increased pressure in the biliary tract, urinary retention, hypotension, and rarely dehiium. Increased sensitivity to pain after analgesia has worn off also may occur. 

Sedation and euphoria These central effects may occur at doses below those required for maximum analgesia. Some patients experience dysphoria. At higher doses, the drugs may cause mental clouding and result in a stuporous state called narcosis. 

Adverse reactions Respiratory depression, circulatory depression, respiratory arrest, cardiac arrest, dizziness, visual disturbances, mental clouding, sedation, coma, euphoria, weakness, agitation, restlessness, nervousness, seizures, nausea, vomiting, constipation high potential for addiction... 

Fig. 8 Liquid liquid equilibrium of the polyethylene (LDPE)/ethene system as function of polymer molecular weight. Polymer weight fractirai is about 5 wt%. Symbols represent ejqreri mental cloud points (Latz and Buback, 2002, personal ctnnmunication), lines show predictions with PC SAFT. All polymers were assumed to be monodisperse...

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