Memory state-dependent

Duka T, Weissenborn R and Dienes Z (2000). State-dependent effects of alcohol on recollective experience, familiarity and awareness of memories. Psychopharmacology, 153, 295-306. 

Another area of interest are studies on so-called state-dependent learning and memory, i.e. the registration and retrieval of information occurring under the same or different drug treatment conditions. This constitutes a special ease of context-dependent learning and memory because it concerns the question of whether information acquired under the influence of a drug (case (1) above) can be retrieved better or worse when this same substance or placebo is administered before the retrieval phase (case (4)). 

One issue that attracted much interest some 30 years ago is state-dependent learning (SDL) and memory (p.68), which deals with the question of whether any material or behavior acquired under specific conditions (e.g. under the influence of a drug) will be accessible under different, e.g. drug-free, conditions (Weingartner, 1978). Several controlled studies on SDL, with conflicting results, were also performed in ADHD children (Spiegel 1996, p. 203) despite its potential importance, it appears that the topic has not been revisited in the last few years. 

One of the most extraordinary, important, and potent features of the brain-mind is the construct of the self. As yet we cannot give an adequate account of how a brain comes to instantiate a self, but this still obscure integration process clearly involves memory and emotion, the two modules of the brain-mind that have always been of greatest interest to psychodynamic psychology. Now that we know how memory and emotion are altered in a state-dependent way, we can use that information to generate new approaches to their access, interpretation, and manipulation in the interest of personal satisfaction and social success. 

State properties are functions of the state and are independent of the previous history of the system state properties are reproducible and have no memory. The density of water at a fixed state is the same any time it is measured the density of water is a state property. However, the hardness of a specimen of steel is not a state property, inasmuch as it assumes different values at the same state, depending on its history of heat treatment. 

The validity of the physics that adopts the point of view of decaying states depends on the characteristics of the process of excitation-preparation. Specifically, one must assume that the duration of the pulse of excitation energy is much shorter than the lifetime of the unstable state. This implies that indeed the system is prepared in a nonstationary state at f = 0, i.e., in the localized state (T o/ Eo)/ while losing memory of the excitation step. For long-lived unstable states, this is expected to be achievable easily. For shortlived unstable atomic or molecular states, say of the order of 10 s, this is also achievable, in principle, via modern pump-probe techniques with time-delays in the range of a few femtoseconds or of a couple of hundreds of attoseconds. 

The result of this experimental smdy yields the following conclusion the average pirlse rate is directly proportional to the ramp voltage slope in the case the ramp increases and insulating sheet carries no charge. This system has a memory, because its state depends... 

Zarrindast M-R, Kangarlu-Haghighi K, Khalilzadeh A, Fazli-Tabaei S (2006) Influence of intracerebroventricular administration of cannabinergic drugs on morphine state-dependent memory in the step-down passive avoidance test Behav Pharmacol 17 231... 

It is known that memory angle depends on surface pretilt angle. The temperature dependences of the memory angles of the CIU and C2U states were measured for all cells, and are shown in Figs 5.1.17(a)-(c). The solid lines represent the... 

These director profiles were calculated for CS-1014. The simulated memory angles of each director profile are shown in Fig. 5.1.25. In Fig. 5.1.26, the calculated transmission spectra for each director profile are shown. These figures indicate that memory angle and the transmission intensity in the bright state depend on the... 

Brouard M, Hughes DW, Kalogerakis KS, Simons IP (2000) The product rovibrational and spin-orbit state dependent dynamics of the complex reaction H -b CO2 —> OH -b CO memories of a lifetime. J Chem Phys 112 4557... 

The errors in standard TDDFT are due to locality in both space and time, both of which are intimately related. In fact, all memory effects, i.e., dependence on the history of the density, implying a frequency dependence in the XC kernel, can be subsumed into an initial-state dependence,but probably not vice versa. Several groups are attempting to incorporate such effects into new approximate functionals, "" but none have yet shown universal applicability. 

A context variable is a variable whose current state depends not orrly on the current cycle but also on the precedent cycle(s). The computer needs to know the existence of context memory variables (VMC) for two reasons ... 

The intermetallic Ni-Ti system has the imusual property of after being distorted, returning to its original shape when heated. This was the first of the shape memory alloys (SMAs) and was discovered by accident at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory, hence its name Nitinol. Other SMAs include Cu-Al-Ni, Cu-Zn-Al, and Fe-Mn-Si alloys. The shape memory mechanism depends on a martensitic solid-state phase transition that takes place at a modest temperature (50°C—150°C), depending on the alloy. The high temperature phase is referred to as austenite and the low temperature phase is called martensite (following the terminology of the Fe-FeCa system). 

---