Membranes spreadsheet calculations

The corresponding spreadsheet calculations are furnished in Appendix 4, including the determination of membrane cell area, and these may be applied to other circumstances and specifications. More rigorously speaking, there is a relationship between the rectifying section and stripping sections, which, given LID or L/V and implies a relationship between V/B or L/V (or V/L] and as previously derived for X = 1. This, however, introduces an extra element of trial and error, a refinement not always warranted for estimation purposes. 

The next matter to be taken up is the degree of separation that can be attained, and so forth, as previously demonstrated in Example 4.1 for stagewise separations and in the spreadsheet calculations of Appendix 4. In fact, the forepart of Appendix 4 is utilized in the spreadsheet calculations of Appendix 7 for the membrane viewed as a continuum, with recycle or reflux at both ends. 

Further derivations and the corresponding spreadsheet calculations for Example 7.1 are presented in Appendix 7. The membrane properties are made the same as for Example 4.1, and the reflux ratio L/D is first assigned. The solution ultimately becomes trial and error in the product streams. 

Table A3.1 Excel Spreadsheet Designators and Formulas for Single-Stage Membrane Separation Calculations...

The preliminaries more or less follow the spreadsheet calculations as presented in Appendix 4. The same feed composition is used, and the same dimensionless permeability and reject and permeate pressures (plus membrane thickness) are given. 

Once process design is complete and each of the process steps characterized, the process is ready for scale-up to pilot or manufacturing scale. A spreadsheet template for scale-up calculations is important and provides a mass balance of buffer volumes, column volumes, priming volumes, product volumes, and waste volumes as well as the tank size and column size. Product volumes can be expressed relative to column volume or can be calculated from a constant concentration, depending on the process step. In addition, starting volumes and titers of conditioned medium as well as step yields and gel or membrane capacity are necessary to cal-... 

The corresponding spreadsheet-type calculations are shown in Appendix 6, including the determination for membrane area. 

These calculations are jjerformed in spreadsheet fashion in Appendix 7 and include the determination for membrane area. 

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