Palladium-based membranes

F. N. Berseneva, 1. A. Mikhaylova, N. 1. Timofeyev, The influence of hydrogen on the phase composition and physico-mechanical properties of the membrane palladium-based alloy V-1, Phys. Met. Metall. 1992, 72(2), 151-156. 

Palladium-based dense metallic membranes have been known to be completely selective for hydrogen permeation and are used in commercially available small-scale hydrogen purification units (e.g., Johnson Matthey, 2007 REB Research, 2007 Power + Energy, 2007 ATI Wah Chang, 2007). These hydrogen purification units typically use palladium-alloy... 

ATI Wah Chang, Palladium-Based Metal Membrane, available at http //www.wahchang.com/ pages/products/data/pdf/Hydrogen%20Metal%20Membrane.pdf (accessed July 2007). 

Klette, H., T. Peters, A. Mejdell, and R. Bredesen, Development of Palladium-Based Hydrogen Membranes for Water Gas Shift Conditions, Proceedings of Eight International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies (GHGT-8), Trondheim, June 2006. 

R. Bredesen, Development of palladium-based hydrogen membranes for water gas shift conditions, Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Technologies (www.GHGT8.no), 20-23 June 2006, Trondheim, Norway. 

Palladium-based Reactor for Membrane-supported Water-gas Shift... 

Marigliano, G., Barbieri, G. and Drioli, E. (2001) Effect of energy transport in a palladium based membrane reactor for methane steam reforming process. Catalysis Today, 67 (1-3), 85-99. 

A.F.Y. Al-Shammary, I T. Caga, J.M. Winterbottom, A.Y. Tate and I.R. Harris, Palladium-Based Diffusion Membranes as Catalysts in Ethylene Hydrogenation , J. Chem. Tech. Biotech., 52 571-85 (1991). 

F.L. Chen, Y. Kinari, F. Sakamoto, Y. Nakayama and Y. Sakamoto, Hydrogen Permeation through Palladium-Based Alloy Membranes in Mixtures of 10% Methane and Ethylene in the Hydrogen , Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 21 [7] 555-61 (1996). 

Barbieri, G, Violante, V. DiMaio, F. Criscuoli, A. Drioli, E. Methane Steam reforming Analysis in a Palladium-Based Catalytic Membrane Reactor Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 36 (1997) 3369-3374. 

Itoh, N. Xu, W. Sathe, A. Capability of Permeate Hydrogen through Palladium-Based Membranes for Acetylene Hydrogenation Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 32 (1993) 2614-2619. 

The use of palladium-based membranes results from the 1866 discovery by Thomas Graham(2) that metallic palladium absorbs an unusually lar e amount of hydrogen. Hydrogen permeates through Pd-based membranes in the form of highly active atomic hydrogen which can react with other... 

V. M. Gryaznov and his co-workers (e.g. IGryaznov, 1986]) have extensively explored the permselective properties of palladium and its alloys as dense membranes and membrane reactors. While their studies will be discussed in later chapters, it suffices to say that the palladium-based membranes have reached the verge of a commercialization potential for the process industry. 

Electroplating. Basically in electroplating, a substrate is coated with a metal or its alloy in a plating bath where the substrate is the cathode and the temperature is maintained constant Membranes from a few microns to a few millimeters thick can be deposited by carefully controlling the plating time, temperature, current density and the bath composition. Dense membranes made of palladium and its various alloys such as Pd-Cu have been prepared. Porous palladium-based membranes have also been made by deposition on porous support materials such as glass, ceramics, etc. 

While dense inorganic membranes such as palladium-based or zirconia membranes provide extremely high-purity gases, their permeabilities are usually low, thus making the process economics unfavorable. Therefore, most of the recent investigations focus on porous inorganic membranes. 

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