Membrane disorder

Figure 52-3. Diagrammatic representation of the major proteins of the membrane of the human red blood cell separated by SDS-PAGE. The bands detected by staining with Coomassie blue are shown in the two left-hand channels, and the glycoproteins detected by staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent are shown in the right-hand channel. (Reproduced, with permission, from Beck WS, Tepper Ri Hemolytic anemias iii membrane disorders, in Hematology, 5th ed. Beck WS [editor]. The MiT Press, 1991.)...

Harris RA, Groh GI. 1985. Membrane disordering effects of anesthetics are enhanced by gangliosides. Anesthesiology 62 115-119. 

Neutropenia and mucous membrane disorders occur rarely. 

Local skin disorders (minor Burns, insect Bites, prickly heat, skin manifestations ofchick-enpox, aBrasions), and mucous memBrane disorders (local anesthesia of oral, nasal, and laryngeal mucous memBranes local anesthesia of respiratory, urinary tract relief of discomfort of pruritus ani, hemorrhoids, pruritus vulvae) Topical Apply to affected areas as needed. 

Colitis, pneumonia, tympanic membrane disorder, and pyrexia occur rarely. 

Chin, J.H., and D.B. Goldstein. 1997. Membrane disordering action of ethanol Variation with membrane cholesterol content and depth of the spin label probe. Mol Pharmacol 13 435. 

Gallagher PG, Jarolim P Red cell membrane disorders, in Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Shattil SJ, et al. (eds) Hematology Basic Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. Churchill Livingstone, 2000, pp. 576-610. 

Muller W.E., Kirsch C., Eckert G.P. Membrane-disordering effects of beta-amyloid peptides. Biochem. Soc. Trans 2001, 29 617-623. 

The differential diagnosis of OCP varies depending on the stage of the disease. It includes conditions that produce cicatricial changes of the ocular surface, such as chemical trauma, radiation injury, and other mucous membrane disorders. Conjunctival biopsy can aid in the diagnosis. Immunofluorescence study of the tissue demonstrates deposition of immunoreactants at the epithelial basement membrane zone in OCP. 

Conversely, membranes composed of phospholipids with highly unsaturated acyl chains are less rigid, because of interactions between such bulky acyl chains. This state of membrane disorder produces a physical fluidity and it is proposed that such membranes offer minimal hindrance lo the function of proteins (e.g., receptors or channels) that lie within the membrane. Metabolically active membranes, such as those found in neuron cell bodies, are comprised of phospholipids containing unsaturated sn-2 chains. Work by Brown (1994), Dratz (Dratz Holte, 1993), and Litman (Littman Mitchell, 1996) support this notion, as recombinant membranes that comprise higher levels of unsaturated PUFA, particularly the long-chain n-3, DHA, mimic, more closely, biological activity when measured in vitro. 

Waring, A. J., Rottenberg, H., Ohnishi, T., and Rubin, E., 1981, Membranes and phospholipids of liver mitrochondria from chronic alcoholic rats are resistant to membrane disordering by alcohol, Proc. Natl. Acad. Set 78 2582. 

Tatsuguchi, K., Kuwamoto, S., Ogomori, M., Ide, T. and Watanabe, T., 1991. Membrane disorder of Escherichia coli cells and liposomes induced by p-hydoxybenzoic acid esters. J Food Hyg Soc Japan 32, 121-127. 

Deficiency states seem to induce membrane disorders such as abnormalities of the erythrocytes, increased skin permeability and mitochondrial damage resulting in an increased metabolic rate. The essential fatty acids also play a part in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol (page 267). Recently, evidence has been obtained that the various esential fatty acids may not have identical functions and it is suggested that linolenic acid and the fatty acids may be required in their own right. The polyunsaturated fatty acids are protected against peroxidation by vitamin E (page 158). 

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