Medium-temperature membrane fuel

Alberti, G. and Casciola, M. 2003. Composite membranes for medium-temperature PEM fuel cells. Annual Review of Materials Research 33 129-154. 

Ahluwalia R K, Wang X, Rousseau A and Kumar R (2004), Fuel economy of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles , J Power Sources, 130,192-201 Alberti G and Casciola M (2003), Composite membranes for medium-temperature PEM fuel cells , Annu Rev Mater Res, 33,129-154. 

Alberti G, Narducci R (2009) Evolution of permanent deformations (or memory) in Nafion 117 membranes with changes in temperature, relative humidity and time, and its importance in the development of medium temperature PEMFCs . Fuel Cells 9 410. 

G. Alberti, and M. Casciola, Composite membranes from medium-temperature PEM fuel ceils, Annu. Rev. Mater. Res. 33,129-154 (2003). 

Bormet, B., Jones, D. J., Roziere, J., Tchicaya, L., Alberti, G., Casciola, M., Massinelli, L., Bauer, B., Peraio, A. and Rumunni, E. 2000. Hybrid organic-inorganic membranes for a medium-temperature fuel cell. Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems 3 87-92. 

DMFCs and direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) are based on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM FC), where hydrogen is replaced by the alcohol, so that both the principles of the PEMFC and the direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC), in which the alcohol reacts directly at the fuel cell anode without any reforming process, will be discussed in this chapter. Then, because of the low operating temperatures of these fuel cells working in an acidic environment (due to the protonic membrane), the activation of the alcohol oxidation by convenient catalysts (usually containing platinum) is still a severe problem, which will be discussed in the context of electrocatalysis. One way to overcome this problem is to use an alkaline membrane (conducting, e.g., by the hydroxyl anion, OH ), in which medium the kinetics of the electrochemical reactions involved are faster than in an acidic medium, and then to develop the solid alkaline membrane fuel cell (SAMFC). 

G. Alberti, M. Casciola, L. Massinelli, and B. Bauer. Polymeric proton conducting membranes for medium temperature fuel cells (110-160 degrees C). Journal of Membrane Science 185, 73-81 2001. 

Carbon supported Pt and Pt-alloy electrocatalysts form the cornerstone of the current state-of-the-art electrocatalysts for medium and low temperature fuel cells such as phosphoric and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMECs). Electrocatalysis on these nanophase clusters are very different from bulk materials due to unique short-range atomic order and the electronic environment of these cluster interfaces. Studies of these fundamental properties, especially in the context of alloy formation and particle size are, therefore, of great interest. This chapter provides an overview of the structure and electronic nature of these supported... 

Alberti, G. Casciola, M. Palombari, R. Inor-gano-organic proton conducting membranes for fuel cells and sensors at medium temperatures. J. Membr. Sci. 2000, 172, 233. 

Further progress is expected from new developments and combinations of processes. Thus, it would be possible to make the disposal of the gaseous (and highly pure) waste gas streams (residual propane content of the propylene feed) cost-effective and a source of electric power by connection to novel, compact, membrane fuel cells. Potential synergisms would also occur in the operating temperature of the cells (medium-temperature cells at 120 °C using the residual exothermic heat of reaction from the oxo reaction), the membrane costs by means of combined developments (e.g., for membrane separations of the catalysts [22]), and also in the development of the zero-emission automobile by the automotive industry. The combination of hydroformylation with fuel cells would further reduce the E-factor - thus approaching a zero-emission chemistry. ... 

C.H. Park, C.H. Lee, M.D. Guiver, Y.M. Lee, Sulfonated hydrocarbon membranes for medium-temperature and low-humidity proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Progress in Polymer Science 2011, 36(11), 1443-1498. 

Grafting parameters (irradiation dose, monomer concentration, grafting medium, temperature, etc.) have significant influence not only on grafting yield and grafting kinetics but also on resultant film and membrane properties. Crosslinkers are used in conjunction with the monomer to achieve certain desirable properties. For instance, the use of crosslinker is an effective means of enhancing the stability of styrene-grafted membranes in fuel cells. 

Geormezi M, Chochos CL, Gourdoupi N, Neophytides SG, Kallitsis JK (2011) High performance polymer electrolytes based on main and side chain pyridine aromatic polyethers for high and medium temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Power Sources 196(22) 9382-9390... 

A third generation system, as shown in Figure 5.62. It was composed of a microchannel oxidative steam reformer, which was supplied with water and air from the cathode off-gas. It was operated at a S/Cratio 1.9andanO/Cratioof0.15. The microchannel reformer was internally coupled to a catalytic burner, which was supplied with residual hydrogen from the fuel cell anode and cooling air from the cathode. The medium temperature fuel cell (operated between 400 and 600 °C) was cooled by air and worked with a metallic membrane. The membrane had the additional function of an anode electrode. BaCeo.g03 served as the cathode electrolyte. 

Alberti G, Casciola M, Massinelli L, Bauer B (2001) Polymeric protonctmducting membranes for medium temperature fuel cells (110-160°C). J Membrane Sci 185 73-81... 

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