Medicine, polyurethanes, applications

In parallel with these developments, organotin compounds have found a variety of applications in industry, agriculture, and medicine, though in recent years these have been circumscribed by environmental considerations. In industry they are used for the stabilization of poly(vinyl chloride), the catalysis of the formation of the polyurethanes, and the cold vulcanisation of silicone polymers, and also as transesterification catalysts. 

Polymers are broadly classified as synthetic and natural polymers. Synthetic polymers have become significant since the 1940s and continue to replace glass, wood, constructional materials and metals in many industrial, domestic and environmental applications [2-5]. Synthetic polymers are made from hydrocarbons derived from petroleum. Some of these polymers, such as nylon, polyethylene, polyurethane and so on, are an indispensable part of our daily lives. Due to their stability and durability they offer good mechanical and thermal properties [6], making them suitable for a variety of applications, e.g., in automobiles, cosmetics, medicines, biosensors,... 

Polyurethanes were invented in the 1930s and saw their first application during World War 11. Their excellent mechanical properties (a combination of toughness and flexibility), chemical stability, and processability quickly suggested numerous applications. Their application in medicine was spurred by an important paper on the use of one specific family of polyurethanes in the artificial heart. This polyurethane family, segmented block copolyurethaneureas, was first sold under... 

Main general applications of degradable polyurethanes in regenerative medicine and drug release... 

In medicinal applications, the hydroxyl group irritates the stomach lining. Chemically, the hydroxyl group can react to form urethanes or esters, and hence form a polymer network. Polyurethane foam rubber frequently contains large amoimts of reacted castor oil, for example. The glass transition of castor oil polyesters are of the order of —50°C (80). 

Guelcher SA. Biodegradable polyurethanes synthesis and applications in regenerative medicine. Tissue Eng Part B Rev 2008 14(1) 3-17. 

F.J. Davis, G.R. Mitchell, Polyurethane based materials with applications in medical devices, in Bio-materials and Prototyping Applications in Medicine, Springer, NY, 2008, pp. 27 8. 

Briganti, E., Lost, R, Raffl, A., Scoccianti, M., Munao, A., Soldani, G., 2006. Silicone based polyurethane materials a promising biocompatible elastomeric formulation for cardiovascular applications. Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine 17, 259-266. 

Christensen L (2002) HOME OF the blue morpho butterfly. New York Times (12 May) Crossland RK, Harlan Jr, JT (1975) Block copolymer adhesive compositions. U.S. Patent 3917607 Davis FJ, Mitchell GR (2008) Polyurethane based materials with applications in medical devices. In Bartolo P, Bidanda B (eds) Bio-materials and prototyping applications in medicine. Springer, New York, pp 27 8. ISBN 9780387476827 Djiauw LK, Icenogle RD (1986) Low smoke modified polypropylene insulation cranpositions. U.S. Patent 4622352... 

Jung, Y, Cho, J. (2010). Application of shape memory polyurethane in orthodontic (Translated from English). Journal of Materials Science Materials in Medicine, 27(10), 2881-2886 (in English). 

Synthetic polymers are artificially synthesized in the laboratory and they can be defined as man-made polymers . In daily life, this kind of macromolecules finds several applications in a wide range of fields, such as cosmetics, pharmaceutics, medicine, packaging, food processing, textile. Examples include polyethylene, polystyrene, PVC, nylon and polyurethanes ... 

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