Medications development

Table 5-2. Strategies for medication development in stimulant abuse... 

Immunotherapy for drug overdose is a fairly recent medical development (Lloyd and Smith 1978 Smith et al. 1979 Smith et al. 

Matsumoto, R.R., Liu, Y., Lemer, M., Howard, E.W., Brackett, DJ. Sigma receptors potential medications development target for anti-cocaine agents. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 469 1, 2003. 

Rothman R., Glowaw J. A review of the effects of dopaminergic agents on human, animals, and drug-seeking behavior, and its implications for medication development. Mol. Neurobiol. 10 1, 1995. 

Howell L., Wilcox K. The dopamine transporter and cocaine medication development drug selfadministration in nonhuman primates. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 298 1, 2001. 

NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE MEDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM... 

Purpose The Division of Pharmacotherapies and Medical Consequences of Drug Abuse (DPMCDA) includes a Medications Development Program (MDP). The Medications Discovery and Toxicology Branch... 

Background In 1989, the U.S. Congress mandated that an MDP be established within NIDA. In 1990, NIDA created the Medications Development Division (MDD) (now the DPMCDA) to operationalize the goals of the MDP. 

Krystal, J. H., D Souza, D. C., Mathalon, D. et al. NMDA receptor antagonist effects, cortical glutamatergic function and schizophrenia toward a paradigm shift in medication development. Psychopharmacology 169 215-233, 2003. 

Therapeutic failure may be the result of nonadherence to medication, development of drug resistance, intolerance to one or more medications, adverse drug-drug interactions, or pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic variability. 

Finally, the literature on human nicotine discrimination suggests that it may be important as an initial screening tool for medication development, such as by indicating a novel compound s site of action. However, the effect of pretreatment with a novel compound on nicotine discrimination per se will not necessarily predict the likely clinical efficacy of that compound, because of the uncertain association between discrimination and self-administration, among other unknowns in medication screening (see Perkins et al. 2006). This notion is supported by the fact that nicotine patch, an FDA-approved medication for smoking cessation, does not alter nicotine discrimination, while mecamylamine, a promising but as yet unapproved cessation medication, does block nicotine discrimination. Animal research... 

Henningfield JE, Eant RV, Gitchell J, et al. Tobacco dependence global public health potential for new medications development and indications. Ann NY Acad Sci 2000 909 247-256. 

Medications Development for Cannabis-related Disorder. RFA Number RFA-DA-04-014 (December 1,2003). http/Zgrants.nih.gov/grants/guide/ rfa-files/RFA-DA-04-014.html... 

Vitiello, B. and Jensen, P. (1997) Medication development and testing in children and adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 54 871—876. 

The animal work was supported by Grant 1-245-098.02/92 from the German-Israel Foundation. The clinical studies were supported by a contract from the New Medications Development Program, National Institute of Mental ffealth, Bethesda, Maryland to R.ff.B. 

The blood and milk serum from Poltava and Lugansk regions of Ukraine were supplied by Leiconad . Serum dilutions from 1 50 to 1 20000 were prepared in PBS (pH 7.4). The blood serum of the immunized animals was obtained from 6 to 12 months old calves after their vaccination with the medication developed by Leiconad . To prepare milk serum the fresh sample was acidified with 5% acetic acid and then centrifuged for 15 min at 400 g. 

In earlier decades, use of dinitrophenol dropped as dieters discovered amphetamine, a medication developed in 1887. Amphetamine stimulates the central nervous system, which can reduce a person s appetite. Caffeine, which is found in beverages like coffee, is a weak stimulant. During the twentieth century, dieters would drink coffee and take amphetamines to lose weight. 

A 25-year-old man, who had never taken any other psychotropic medication, developed tardive dyskinesia with severe blepharospasm and tardive dystonia 2 months after withdrawal of risperidone (98). 

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