Medical Diagnostic Techniques

Magnetic resonance imaging, MRI (Chapter 13 Focus On) A medical diagnostic technique based on nuclear magnetic resonance. 

Recommendation 7. The Army should keep abreast of, and adopt where appropriate, developments in medical diagnostic techniques for detecting and quantifying low-level exposures to toxic substances, including research related to the use of DNA and protein adducts as measures of toxicologically relevant metabolites. 

The largest artificial source of radiation, and the easiest to control, is associated with medical diagnostic techniques, especially x-rays. The radiation dosage from nuclear testing and radioactive waste disposal is miniscule for most people, but exposures for those living near test sites, nuclear energy facilities, or disposal areas may be many times higher. 

The overwhelming development of the ultrashort and ultraintense laser systems based on the CPA technique enables to foresee a clear way to get miniaturized (table-top) particle accelerators and related sources of X/7-rays. Such a reduction in dimensions and costs has made realistic the application of these innovative apparatus to several fields, from medical diagnostics and therapy to material science and femto-chemistry. Furthermore, particles accelerated by laser-plasma interaction can be used in the fast-ignition approach... 

Clinical studies. The class of all scientific approaches to evaluate medical disease preventions, diagnostic techniques, and treatments. Investigational and marketed prescription medicine evaluations plus over-the-counter medicines are included. 

Aneja A, Mathur N, Bhatnagar PK, Mathur PC (2008) Triple-FRET technique for energy transfer between conjugated polymer and TAMRA dye with possible applications in medical diagnostics. J Biol Phys 34 487-93... 

Hybridization of nucleic acid probes to membrane-bound target sequences is a commonly used technique in gene structure and expression analysis, medical diagnostics, and gene targeting. 

Sensors for the detection of enantiomers are of great interest, as so far the on-line monitoring of production processes and medical diagnostics using standard chemical analytical methods is not possible. Quite often only one enantiomer of a chiral compound is actually a bioactive therapeutic. Therefore a proper analysis of the final product is essential. Currently, this involves separation techniques like liquid chromatography, GC and capillary electrophoresis, and determination of enantiomeric purity with circular dichro-ism and specific rotation. These are all off-line procedures and therefore no real-time analysis can be performed. Sensing devices for the distinction of different enantiomers would be a much cheaper, faster and easier-to-use alternative for this task, amenable to automation. 

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