Mechanochemical-hydrothermal method

Suchanek, W.L., Byrappa, K., Shuk, P., Riman, R.E., Janas, V.F. and TenHuisen, K.S. (2004) Preparation of magnesium-substituted hydroxyapatite powders by the mechanochemical-hydrothermal method. Biomaterials, 25, 4647-57. 

As with the hydrothermal method, solid-solid grinding reactions, or mechanochemical reactions as they are also called, is a method with long tradition in solid state chemistry that has recently been applied also to molecular chemistry [56,57]. This method has several advantages ... 

Metal-organic frameworks can be synthesized with a wide variety of metal cations and a large choice of functionalized organic linkers by use of various synthesis methods, such as solvothermal (hydrothermal), microwave heating, ultrasonic, mechanochemical, electrochemical synthesis, and the spray-drying. However, only the conventional solvothermal (hydrothermal) method is well studied for MOF synthesis. In a typical solvothermal synthesis, both organic and inorganic precursors are dissolved in solvent... 

The fifth chapter presents detailed review of technological aspects of ferroic nanoparticles fabrication. We present the detailed information about methods of chemical synthesis of above nanoparticles. Among them are hydrothermal, sol-gel and coprecipitation methods. We also present the method of unstable compounds decomposition. The combined synthesis methods have also been discussed. Namely, we consider mechanochemical, sonochemical and template synthesis methods. The main idea of these methods is to control the dispersity and agglomeration degree of nanoparticles by inspection of nucleation and growth of a new phase. Self-assembly and self-organization of ferroic nanoparticles as well as composites formation on their base by means of colloidal processes have also been considered. 

The present applications of ceria-based ceramics impose strict requirements on the quality and purity of the powders used. Several studies have described the synthesis of ceria nanopowders of high quality and with a well-defined morphology. Typical methods of preparation include hydrothermal synthesis [263, 264], the hydrolysis of an alkoxide solution (sol-gel) ]265], chemical precipitation [266], mechanochemical processing ]267], and gas-phase reaction ]268]. Emulsion techniques can also be used, as these reduce not only the production costs of high-purity spherical powders but also the degree of aggregation. Thus, ceria powders with an average particle size <20 nm and a narrow particle size distribution can be... 

In this book, we briefly examine the different types of reactions and methods employed in the synthesis of inorganic solid materials. Besides the traditional ceramic procedures, we discuss precursor methods, combustion method, topochemical reactions, intercalation reactions, ion-exchange reactions, alkali-flux method, sol-gel method, mechanochemical synthesis, microwave synthesis, electrochemical methods, pyrosol process, arc and skull methods and high-pressure methods. Hydrothermal and solvothermal syntheses are discussed separately and also in sections dealing with specific materials. Superconducting cuprates and intergrowth structures are discussed in separate sections. Synthesis of nanomaterials is dealt with in some detail. Synthetic methods for metal borides, carbides, nitrides, fluorides, sili-cides, phosphides and chalcogenides are also outlined. 

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