Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity

In this chapter, emphasis has been placed on the core mechanisms underlying the broad categories of hypersensitivity responses distinguished on the basis of the Cell and Coombs classification and based on differences in the immune reactants (antibodies or cells), the form of the presented antigen, and the effector mechanisms involved. Mechanisms involved in individual drug hyper- 

Baldo and N.H. Pham, Drug Allergy Clinical Aspects, Diagnosis, Mechanisms, Structure-Activity Relationships, DOI 10.1007/978-l-4614-7261-2 3, Springer Science-l-Business Media, LLC 2013 

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Radiocontrast media (RCM) are highly concentrated solutions of triiodinated benzene derivatives used for performing diagnosis and treatment of vascular disease and enhancement of radiographic contrast [1,2]. However, adverse reactions after RCM administration are common [3]. The frequency and mechanisms of hypersensitivity reactions differ between monomeric and dimeric as well as between ionic and non-ionic types of RCM. Mild immediate reactions have been reported to occur in 3.8-12.7% of patients receiving ionic monomeric RCM and in 0.7-3.1% of patients receiving non-ionic RCM [4-6]. Severe immediate adverse reactions to ionic RCM have been reported in 0.1-0.4% of intravenous procedures, while reactions to nonionic iodinated RCM are less frequent (0.02-0.04%) [4-7]. Fatal hypersensitivity... 

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Kligman AM, Epstein WL (1959) Mechanisms of hypersensitivity. Little Brown, Boston Kligman AM, Leyden JH (1979) Reactions to standard patch test materials. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 59 (Suppl. 89) 101-103... 

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K. P.C. Croft, C.R. Voisey and A.J. Slusarenko, Mechanism of hypersensitive cell collapse correlation of increased lipoxygenase activity with membrane damage in leaves of Phaseolus vulgaris (L.) inoculated with an avirulent race of Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol., 36 (1990) 49-62. 

K. Jankowski and L. Smentek-Mielczarek, Effect of electron correlation on the forced electric dipole transition probabilities in/ systems. A General Effective Operator Formulation, Molecular Physics, 38, 1445-1457 (1979) Electron correlation effects on transition probabilities of LaCf Pr, ibid 38, 1459-1465 (1979) Effect of electron correlation on the forced electric dipole transition probabilities in/ systems. II. A model study of Pr LaCh and Eu LaCh, ibid 43, 371-382 (1981) Effect of electron correlation on the forced electric-dipole transition probabilities in/ systems. III. Some aspects of the mechanism of hypersensitive transitions. International Journal of Quantum Chemistry, 24(sl7), 339-346 (1983). 

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