Mechanisms, classification

Magnetic moment, 153, 155, 160 Magnetic quantum number, 153 Magnetization, 160 Magnetogyric ratio, 153, 160 Main reaction, 237 Marcus equation, 227, 238, 314 Marcus plot, slope of, 227, 354 Marcus theory, applicability of, 358 reactivity-selectivity principle and, 375 Mass, reduced, 189, 294 Mass action law, 11, 60, 125, 428 Mass balance relationships, 19, 21, 34, 60, 64, 67, 89, 103, 140, 147 Maximum velocity, enzyme-catalyzed, 103 Mean, harmonic, 370 Mechanism classification of. 8 definition of, 3 study of, 6, 115 Medium effects, 385, 418, 420 physical theories of, 405 Meisenheimer eomplex, 129 Menschutkin reaction, 404, 407, 422 Mesomerism, 323 Method of residuals, 73 Michaelis constant, 103 Michaelis—Menten equation, 103 Microscopic reversibility, 125... 

The mechanism classification and the overall transformation classification are orthogonal to each other. For example, substitution reactions can occur by a polar acidic, polar basic, free-radical, pericyclic, or metal-catalyzed mechanism, and a reaction under polar basic conditions can produce an addition, a substitution, an elimination, or a rearrangement. Both classification schemes are important for determining the mechanism of a reaction, because knowing the class of mechanism and the overall transformation rales out certain mechanisms and suggests others. For example, under basic conditions, aromatic substitution reactions take place by one of three mechanisms nucleophilic addition-elimination, elimination-addition, or SrnL If you know the class of the overall transformation and the class of mechanism, your choices are narrowed considerably. 

The overall picture emerging in the course of this field study was that clay smears are formed consistently on all scales in the Frechen exposures, where they represent a universal phenomenon. This would suggest that the conditions necessary for the emplacement of clay smears in minor shear bands are the same as those met along the major faults. Among the factors that are likely to determine the thickness, length and continuity of a smear, the thickness of the source bed and the fault throw are readily identified in the field. The requirement that the shales possess the necessary plasticity is also clearly met, i.e., the shale source bed material may be characterized as highly plastic, fat clay in accordance with the standard soil mechanics classification (Bowles, 1984). 

Achieving mechanical classification of piping systems that depends on the... 

Mechanical classification related to the fluid activity the harrier classification... 

The new idea issued from the EPR cooperation was to clearly identify a pipe or a system arrangement depending on its fluid contamination level. With the new barrier classification the design effort will be clearly focused where a need of high level quality has been deterministically identified. Three different barrier classes were defined depending on the contamination level of the fluid kept in the barrier and on the isolation devices implemented on the barrier. A direct link between the barrier class and the mechanical classification was made. 

The structure of our safety mechanisms classification for the specific classes of technical safety requirements is influenced by Wu and Kelly s hierarchy [19], Guidelines on safety-critical and fault-tolerant systems [7,12,16] were important sources during the development of our safety-mechanism hierarchy. 

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