Mechanical responses slenderness

Temperature-dependant material property models were implemented into stmc-tural theory to establish a mechanical response model for FRP composites under elevated temperatures and fire in this chapter. On the basis of the finite difference method, the modeling mechanical responses were calculated and further vaUdated through experimental results obtained from the exposure of full-scale FRP beam and column elements to mechanical loading and fire for up to 2 h. Because of the revealed vulnerabihty of thermal exposed FRP components in compression, compact and slender specimens were further examined and their mechanical responses and time-to-failure were well predicted by the proposed models. 

The cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells contains a complex network of slender rods and filaments that serve as a kind of internal skeleton. The properties of this cytoskeleton affect the shape and mechanical properties of cells. For example, the cytoskeleton is responsible... 

Long molecules that compose the cellular cytoskeleton can be treated from the standpoint of polymer mechanics where the response of the material to the application of a force is associated with changes in entropy (transition from disorder to more order). The cytoskeletal fibers are treated either as chains of segments that are completely free to move in three directions (freely joined chain model) or as flexible slender rods (worm-Hke chain model). The same approaches are appUed to ceUular components, such as the cytoskeleton, membrane, and nucleus. There is an important distinction in the models of relatively thin ceUular membranes. They are considered either as sheUs with a certain stress distribution across the thickness or as intrinsicaUy two-dimensional continua. In both cases, the mechanical parameters are spUt into two groups moduU characterizing the in-plane properties and those characterizing the out-of-plane bending and twist of the membrane. 

From a mechanical viewpoint major problems are caused to a tail slender structure by the flexibility of the platform. Consideration of its dynamic response compared with the wind-induced excitation is therefore of paramoimt importance. Thermal effects due to the hot exhaust gases are a further factor for consideration. The design must consequently take account of thermal stresses at critical locations. Choices of construction materials must be carefully considered. In this instance stainless steel grade 316 L was chosen as the most suitable to meet all the project requirements. 

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