Mechanical pulsing

Reduced pulsation Rapid-refilling pump mechanism, pulse dampener... 

Mechanically Pulsed Column. The Karr column (Fig. 23) consists of perforated plates ganged on a common shaft which is oscillated by an external drive. The perforated area and hole size are much larger than in typical sieve plate operation. At high amplitude x frequency product in larger columns, the tendency for excessive backmixing can be curtailed by installation of some fixed baffles. 

The pulse of the pushing magnetic force on the side of the inductor 3 is apprehended by the hard current-conducting concentrator 7. The concentrator transmits the mechanical pulse to the piston 8 made of the hard-alloy which compresses the powder inside the mould. The high pulsed pressures in the mould (> 1 GPa) are achieved because of the fact that the area of the paston cross section is smaller than the area of the concentrator surface faced with the inductor. 

The voltanmietric electrochemical techniques discussed in this chapter are widely used in food sample analysis. While linear sweep and CV are preferred for exploring electron transfer reaction mechanisms, pulse techniques are used to achieve better detection and quantification limits of organic and inorganic species in food analysis. Together, these techniques can provide not only quantitative data but also important kinetic and thermodynamic information regarding the electron transfer processes of the complex food matrix. 

The nonstationary (transient) operation of chemical reactors is traditionally applied in kinetic research in order to reveal reaction mechanisms. Pulses and step changes can be introduced in continuous reactors, and concentration changes at the reactor outlet are monitored by on-line or off-line analysis. The method is applicable to both gas- and liquid-phase systems. Isotope exchange can be commenced wherein H2/D2 (hydrogen/deuterium) experiments can reveal the role of hydrogen in a catalytic process. Some examples of catalytic isomerizations are displayed in Figure 9.22. A reaction network for hydrocarbon isomerization is shown in Figure 9.22. 

The Sonic Sifter has been designed to combine two motions to provide a precise particle separation. A vertical oscillating column of air and a repetitive mechanical pulse is used to move the material to be sifted through a single sieve or set of sieves. The name Sonic Sifter appears to come... 

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