Mechanical properties torque rheometry

SEM / selective solvent extraction / FTIR / DMTA / WAXS thermal redistribution in internal mixer at 260°C / NMR / TLC / DSC internal mixer at 240°C / torque rheometry / SEM / GPC / mechanical properties / effects of mixing time / effects of PA amine and acid end-group concentrations internal mixer at 240°C / selective solvent extraction /... 

PA-6 (100-75) / EDPE (0-25) / LDPE-g-BA (18% BA) (0-2.4) internal mixer coupled to SSE at 260°C / SEM / torque rheometry / mechanical properties / water absorption / hardness / effect of premixing EDPE + EDPE-g-BA Raval etal., 1991... 

PA-6 (80-70) or PA-66 / SMA (0-10) / SB core + MMA shell impact modifier (20) or BA core + MMA shell SSE at 240-280°C / torque rheometry / mechanical properties / ductile-brittle transition temperatures / TEM / effects of mixing protocol Lu etal., 1996, 1993... 

PA-6 (100-0) / ABS (0-100) / imidized acrylate copolymer with various acid + anhydride concentrations (0-20) SSE at 240°C / TEM / torque rheometry / mechanical properties vs. compatibilizer content, functionalization level, rubber cone, and mixing protocol / ductile-brittle transition temperatures Majumdar et al., 1994 b... 

DSC / SEM / mechanical properties / selective solvent extraction / ETIR internal mixer at 240°C / torque rheometry /... 

FTIR / DSC / DMTA / mechanical properties internal mixer at 200-250°C torque vs. time, temperature / DSC / DMA / improved modulus and tensile strength as copolymer forms internal mixer at 230, 250, or 270°C / torque rheometry / DSC / mechanical and thermal properties SSE at 265-270°C / thermal redistribution during molding at 270-320°C / DMA... 

Tjong and Meng [1997] have described PA/LCP polyester blends with improved properties through addition of anhydride-terminated PP-MA. A block copolymer may form between PA amine end-groups and anhydride-terminated PP (see Section 5.8.8). For example, 86 parts PA-6 was mixed in an internal mixer with 14 parts PP-MA at 220°C followed by injection molding with 5-40 parts LCP (Hoechst Vectra A950). The blends were characterized by torque rheometry, mechanical properties, DMA, and SEM. 

PA-66 (70-50) / PBT (30-50) / mutifunctional epoxide resin (0-5 phr) PA-6 (17) / PBT (83) / mutifunctional epoxide resin (0-12) TSE at 275X / SEM / TEM / extrudate swell / DSC / torque rheometry / capillary rheometry / effects of PA/PBT ratio and epoxy content on mechanical properties / blends optionally + core-shell elastomer TSE at 230-250°C / mechanical properties / SEM / DSC / DMA / WAXD Huang and Chang, 1997 a, b An etal., 1996... 

A compatibilizing copolymer may be formed through reaction between carboxylic acid groups grafted onto a PO chain and acrylate epoxide groups grafted onto a PP chain. In an internal mixer Liu et al. [1993] have prepared compositions comprising 20 parts NBR-g-AA, 0-75 parts PP and 0-25 parts PP-g-GMA (0.8% GMA). The blends were characterized by torque rheometry, SEM, FTIR, and mechanical properties vs. use of unfunctionalized NBR and vs. different GMA levels. 

TseUos et al. [1997] have compatibilized PO/styrene copolymer blends through crosslinked copolymer formation between PO alcohol groups and anhydride groups on styrene copolymer. Specifically, 50 parts EVAl (1.6-7.5% VAl) was mixed with 50 parts SMA (8.4-14.7 mol% MA) in an internal mixer at 200°C. The blends were characterized by torque rheometry, FTIR, DSC, TGA, selective solvent extraction, and mechanical properties as a function of mole ratio alcohol to anhydride. Blend properties were compared to those with EVAc in place of EVAl. 

PA-6 (90-0)/PC (10-100) Internal mixer at 240 °C/torque rheometry/SEM/GPC/mechanical properties/effects of mixing time/effects of PA amine and acid end-group concentrations La Mantia and Valenza 1994 Valenza et al. 1994... 

PA-11 (20) or PA-6/ HDPE-g-MA (80) Internal mixer or TSE at 210 °C/torque rheometry/mechanical properties/SEM/selective solvent extraction/DSC/simultaneous addition of PA + PE -t MA + radical initiator Lambla and Seadan 1992, 1993... 

PA-6 (50-45) or PA-66 or PA-11 or PA-612 or PA-610 or PA-1212 or PA-6-66 copolymer/ABS (45-50)/imidized acrylate copolymer (56% methyl glutarimide, 40% MMA, 2% MAA, 1% glutarlc anhydride) (0-10) SSE at 240°C or two different types of TSE/torque rheometry/TEM/DSC/ mechanical properties vs. extrusion conditions and morphology/ductile-brittle transition temperatures/effects of PA amine end-group concentration Majumdar et al. 1994a... 

PA-6 (75) or PA-66 or PA-6,66 copolymer/SAN (6-40% AN) (0-25)/ imidized acrylate copolymer with various acid -l- anhydride concentrations (0-25) SSE at 240°C/torque rheometry/DSC/ TEM/mechanical properties/effects of AN content/effects of acid + anhydride concentration/effects of PA amine end-group concentration Majumdar etal. 1994g... 

PA-6/PP/PP-g-MA Torque rheometry/mechanical properties/ SEM/no effect seen using PP with different MFI/comparison to blends with unfunctionahzed PP or using PP-g-AA Agrawal et al. 2007... 

MA (0.5-2 % MA) (0-20) torque rheometry/TEM/titration of residual amine groups/effects of extruder type and PA mol. wt. and amine end-group concentration on morphology, mechanical properties, and ductile-brittle transition temperature/effects of di- vs. monofunctional PA et al. 1996a, b, c, d... 

PA-12 or PA-1212 or PA-612 or PA-610 or PA-69 or PA-46/SEBS (0-20)/SEBS-g-MA (1.8 % MA) (0-20) mechanical properties/TEM/ ductile-brittle transition temperatures/ interfacial tension estimates/effects of PA amine end-group concentration rai copolymer formation (titration before and after extrusion )/torque rheometry 1994d,e... 

PA-6 (100-0) -1- poly(m-xylene adipamide) (0-100)/SEBS (0-20)/ SEBS-g-MA (1.8 % MA) (0-20) SSE at 260 °C/torque rheometry/ mechanical properties/ductile-brittle transition temp./TEM/DMTA/DSC/ effects of mixing protocol/effects of PA-PA transamidation on properties Takeda et al. 1992a... 

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