Mechanical chiller

Chilled water can be generated using heat pumps. They can be either absorption or mechanical chillers. Absorption chillers, which use waste heat (as a source of thermal energy) rather than mechanical/shaft energy for operation, can be economical. Heat source for an absorption chiller can be LLP steam (at 1.5 barg) or a hot process stream. Lithium bromide (LiBr) absorption pumps are frequently used due to their lower cost and application range down to the freezing point of water. 

Capital costs of SJEs are estimated from the chart in Power (2005). All capital costs are adjusted for inflation using the Chemical Engineering s Plant Cost Index (CEPCI) of 577 for July 2014. Capital costs for absorption/mechanical chillers, LRVP and DVP are based on... 

Single-stage absorption chiller Mechanical chiller Total installation cost... 

For constant-frequency (sometimes referred to as isochronal) experiments on amorphous polymers, the highest temperature relaxation is the glass transition, also referred to as a, while secondary p and y relaxations are commonly observed. There also may be a 8 process. In this case all the relaxations are associated with the amorphous phase. The y and 8 relaxations (and in certain cases also the p relaxation) are below -100 °C. These relaxations would be missed if the only cooUng device available were a mechanical chiller that would cool to only -100 °C. Figure 5.18 illustrates the various loss peaks associated with the transitions in amorphous and crystalUne polymers. 

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