Mechanical aeration Membrane

Although simple, the use of bubble aeration in animal cell cultivation requires the solution of certain technological challenges for its implementation, since one of the most characteristic features of animal cells is their low resistance to mechanical stresses. Cell membranes have a mechanical resistance that is much lower than that of microbial cell walls. According to Castilho and Anspach (2003), shear stresses in the order of 60 Pa are critical for cell death. 

Fig. 1. Different types of bioreactors for plant cell, tissue and organs. (A) mechanically-agitated bioreactors, a aeration-agitation, b rotating drum, c spin filter. (B) air-driven bioreactors, a bubble column, b draft tube, c external loop, (C) non-agitated bioreactors, a gaseous phase (mist), b oxygen permeable membrane aerator, c surface aeration, (D) light emitting draft tube...

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