Measurement of gas concentration

A laundry can purchase soap containing 30.0 wt % water at a price of 7.00 per kg. The same manufacturer offers a soap containing 5.0 wt % water. If the freight rate is 6.00 per 100 kg, what is the maximum price that the laundry should pay the manufacturer for the soap containing 5.0 wt % water Note that the buyer has to pay the freight. 

The final cost of the dry soap to the laundry includes the price paid to the manufacturer for the dry soap plus the cost of shipping the wet soap. When buying the dilute soap (30 wt % water) the laundry pays more freight on the water whereas buying the more concentrated soap (5 wt % water) would reduce the freight paid on the water. In this problem a sketch of the process is not required. The balance is to be made on dollars, not mass. 

Steps 7, 8 and 9 The idea is to equate the total cost of two sources of soap. 

Note that the cost of shipping is a very small factor in the final cost.  

A crystallizer contains 6420 lb of aqueous solution of anhydrous sodium sulfate (concentration 29.6 wt %) at 104 °C. The solution is cooled to 20 °C to crystallize out the desired Na2SC 4. 10 H2O. The remaining solution (the mother liquor) is found to contain 16.1 % anhydrous sodium sulfate. What is the weight of this mother liquor. 

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Sensors based on acoustic principles are suitable for in-situ-measurements of gas concentration in industrial processes. They can even be used for aggressive media [1]. The velocity of sound - in the following formula marked as VOS - is taken as the characteristic criterion. 

Another method is the indirect measurement of gas concentrations in a mixture To detect a flame in household gas appliances it is usual to record the ionization current, which reveals more than just the existence of a flame. The junction between the ionization of a reacting gas and the stoichiometric value 7 of this combustion is one very promising possibility of controlling the combustion [8]. 

DOSEAGE - 300 ppm (parts per million - a measure of gas concentration in the air)causes death in 5 to 10 minutes. Heavier concentrations are quicker. 

Real-time measurements of gas concentration changes in plume chemistry can involve some ingenuity in the delivery of instrumentation to the site of... 

Zirconia Sensors for Measurement of Gas Concentration in Molten Metals... 

Oxidation reactions of the waste occur primarily in the thermal oxidizer chamber and the three T s of combustion can be evaluated by measurements made in this chamber. Numerous nozzles should be incorporated into the chamber design to enable measurement of gas concentrations and temperature throughout the chamber. 

As can be recognized from eqs. (3.55a, b, 3.56a, b) accurate measurements of gas concentrations (y, yf) or, equivalently (w, wf) are very important in order to get small dispersions of adsorbate s mass mfgg. Due to experience it also can be said that accurate measurements of the system s pressure (p) and temperature (T) are essential, whereas the influence of the real gas factor (Z) and its uncertainly often is rather small. Given MSDs of gas concentrations =ayjf <10, of microbalance measurement (on/f2)<10 and of all the... 

Akagi H, Furusaki S. Direct measurement of gas concentration in bubbles in a fluidized bed. Prep of the Meeting of Soc Chem Eng Japan. Shinshu, Japan, 1983, pp 46 7. 

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