McCabe-Thiele diagram batch distillation

The system material balance from Treybal [129] using a heated kettle and distillation column following a McCabe-Thiele diagram, using reflux, but having only a batch (kettle) charge ... 

Figure S.2 Batch distillation of benzene-toluene at constant reflux ratio, Example 5,3, ia-e) McCabe-Thiele diagram for progressively reducing still concentration to 0.13 mole fraction benzene.

Hgwe 5.3 (Continued) Batch distillation of benzene-toluene with Wriable reflux ratio, Example 5.4. (o-e) McCabe-Thiele diagram fcr progressively increasing reflux ratio to 13 1. 

FIGURE 12.20 Upper quadrant of a McCabe-Thiele diagram for batch distillation at constant reflux. Four theoretical stages shown. 

If a batch distillation is carried out at variable reflux ratio, it is possible u> maintain a constant purity of distillate and to do this until blocked by material balance limitations, A McCabe-Thiele diagram illustrating this method of operation is shown in Fig. 5.5-11. The value of xu is kept constant, and the slope of the operating line is varied in accordance with the overall material balance, The figure shows the conditions at time 0 and time t. Note that the three equilibrium stages include the stillpot. 

The operation of a batch still and column can be analyzed using a McCabe-Thiele diagram, with the same operating-line equation that was used for the rectifying section of a continuous distillation ... 

A batch column with plates above a still pot functions as a rectifier, which can provide a sharper separation than differential distillation. If the reflux ratio is fixed, distillate and still bottoms compositions will vary with time. Equation (9-2) applies with yo = Xo- Its use is facilitated with the McCabe-Thiele diagram as described by Smoker and Rose. ... 

If a constant distillate composition is required, this can be achieved by increasing the reflux ratio as the system is depleted in the more volatile material. Calculations are again made with the McCabe-Thiele diagram as described by Bogart and illustrated by the following example. Other methods of operating batch columns are described by Ellerbe. ... 

Figure 9-5. McCabe-Thiele diagram for multistage batch distillation with constant IVD, Example 9-2...

The batch distillation column can also be operated with variable reflux ratio to keep x constant. The operating Eq. 19-261 is still valid. Now the slope will vary, but the intersection with the y=x line will be constant at Xp,. The McCabe-Thiele diagram for this case is shown in Figure 9-7. This diagram relates Xs to Xp). Since Xp, is kept constant, the calculation procedure is somewhat different. 

A7. When there are multiple stages in batch distillation, the calculation looks like the McCabe-Thiele diagram for several... 

Fig. 2-56. McCabe-Thiele-diagram for calculating the number of theoretical stages for the batch distillation of a binary mixture.

Figure 8.1.34. Batch distillation with reflux in a multiplate column, (a) Schematic of the device with total condensation, liquid reflwc and distillate product, (b) McCabe-Thiele diagram for constant reflux ratio with enriching section operating lines for three times, t = 0, t = tj, t = t2.

There are two types of extraction processes, namely, leaching where solids are extracted and liquid-liquid extraction. The commonly used leaching equipment is the extraction battery where counter current flow is established resulting in a number of extracting stages. This can be modeled as equilibrium process. The McCabe-Thiele procedure can be used to model this process. In liquid-liquid extraction, ternary diagrams and tie lines are used to determine the extent of extraction. Batch extractive distillation is a commonly used extractive method for liquid-liquid extraction. 

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