Maximum turbidity zone

Abril, G, Etcheber, H., Le Hir, P., Bassoullet, P., Boutier, B., Frankignoulle, M. (1999) Oxic-anoxic oscillations and organic carbon mineralization in an estuarine maximum turbidity zone (The Gironde, France). Limnol. Oceanogr. 44, 1304-1315. 

Dodson, J.J., Dauvin, J.C., Ingram, R.G., and D Anglejan, B. (1989) Abundance of larval rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) in relation to the maximum turbidity zone and associated macrozooplanktonic fauna of the middle St. Lawrence estuary. Estuaries 12, 66-81. 

Herman, P.M., and Heip, C.H.P. (1999) Biogeochemistry of the MAximum TURbidity zone of Estuaries (MATURE) some conclusions. J. Mar. Syst. 22, 89-104. 

Phenols derived from lignin degradation were used as markers to determine the origin of waters of the Seine estuary in France. Thus, fluvial run-off contains syringic, hydroxyben-zoic and vanillic phenols, whereas upstream penetrating marine waters contain cinnamic phenols derived from the estuarine herbs. In the maximum turbidity zone the vanillic acid (38) to vanillin (39) ratio increases due to aerobic degradation of lignin . ... 

These systems were referred to by Clausse t a (21) as Type U systems. On the other hand, with cofurfactants with chain length Cg to Cy (Figur 3 e-g), the Winsor IV domain is split into two disjointed areas that are separated by a composition zone over which viscous turbid and birifringent media are encountered. This second class of systems was referred as Type S systems (24). It can also be seen that the Winsor IV domain reaches its maximum extension at reducing in size below and above C. Moreover, at C, one observes a small monophasic region near the W apex (probably o/w microemulsion of the Schulman s type) which vanishes as the alcohol chain length is increased to Cg. 

Figure 2 The fraction of metal in the dissolved phase (fd) as a function of the concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM). The bands at the top of the diagram represent the general ranges of SPM concentrations from the open ocean through to the estuarine turbidity maximum zone (TMZ). The numbers next to the lines are values of the partition coefficients, Kb, used to estimate the value of Metals are associated with their typical Kd values and are shown next to the appropriate line.

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