Maximum range

The magnitude of the NHV has economic importance because the consumption and cost of motor fuels are frequently expressed in liters/100 km and in Francs/liter in France. From the technical viewpoint, the NHV, establishes the maximum range for a transport system with a given load. This is a decisive criterion for applications like aviation. 

Unlike X-rays and gamma rays, electrons are rapidly attenuated. The maximum range of a 1-million-volt electron is about 4 m in air and about 5 cm in water. In... 

As a vessel ruptures, its fragments accelerate rapidly to a maximum velocity. This value is the initial fragment velocity Vj. It is used to calculate either the range of fragment travel or, if collision with an obstacle occurs before maximum range is attained, impact velocity. 

The trajectory angle has a great influence on the range. The maximum range is found for an angle of 45° ... 

Because the maximum fragment range is required, the theoretical approach will be applied. Only the initial velocity and the maximum range of the fragments can be calculated with the theoretical approach. 

For cylinders with horizontal axes, the initial trajectory will be low, typically 5° or 10°. Table 9.10 shows maximum ranges for initial velocities calculated by each method with various low trajectory angles assumed. 

In addition to the 4 stable isotopes sulfur has at least 9 radioactive isotopes, the one with the longest half-life being which decays by activity (Kmax 0.167 MeV, 87.5 d). can be prepared by Cl(n,p), S(n,> ) or S(d,p) and is commercially available as SeicmcQt H2S, SOCb and KSCN. The radiation has a similar energy to that of C ( mav 0.155 MeV) and similar counting techniques can be used (p. 276). The maximum range is 300 min in air and 0.28 mm in water, and effective shielding is provided by a perspex screen 3-10 mm thick. The preparation of many - S-containii compounds has been... 

Astatine has been shown to be superior to radio-iodine for the destruction of abnormal thyroid tissue (p. 794) because of the localized action of the emitted a-particles which dissipate 5.9 MeV within a range of 70 fim of tissue, whereas the much less energetic /S-rays of radioiodine have a maximum range of ca. 2(K)0 fim. However, its general inaccessibility and high cost render its extensive application unlikely. 

Figure 12-10 is convenient for summarizing the main specifications to the manufacturer. Any unusual conditions must be explained, and minimum and maximum ranges must be established. Normal conditions may be the same as maximum, although this may not always be the case. Detailed driver specifications should be included unless the manufacturer is to make preliminary recommendations before final decisions are reached. Note that some of the data are to be furnished by the manufacturer, and the insistence on receipt of this information facilitates evaluation of competitive bids. 

In the derivation of the Boltzmann equation, it was noted that the distribution function must not change significantly in times of the order of a collision time, nor in distances of the order of the maximum range of the interparticle force. For the usual interatomic force laws (but not the Coulomb force, which is of importance in ionized gases), this distance is less than about 10 T cm the corresponding collision times, which are of the order of the force range divided by a characteristic particle velocity (of the order of 10 cm/sec for hydrogen at 300° C), is about 10 12 seconds. 

Figure 13. Correlation between the heterogeneity of a metal surface, as expressed by the maximum range of for the main single-crystal faces, and the melting point of the given metal.

The variation of Tg with ac (or Mc) is a reflection of the influence of junction-point density on the freedom of segmental motion. The maximum range of Tg values shown, 301 to 312K, possibly reflects the maximum influence for these MDI/POP triol systems. 

For design purposes, the proper size orifice (d or ft) must be determined for a specified (maximum) flow rate of a given fluid in a given pipe with a AP device that has a given (maximum) range. 

You want to use a venturi meter to measure the flow rate of water, up to 1000 gpm, through an 8 in. sch 40 pipeline. To measure the pressure drop in the venturi, you have a DP cell with a maximum range of 15in.H20 pressure difference. What size venturi (i.e., throat diameter) should you specify ... 

Gasoline is pumped through a 2 in. sch 40 pipeline upward into an elevated storage tank at 60°F. An orifice meter is mounted in a vertical section of the line, which uses a DP cell with a maximum range of 10in.H2O to measure the pressure drop across the orifice at radius taps. If the maximum flow rate expected in the line is 10 gpm, what size orifice should you use If a water manometer with a maximum reading of 10 in. is used instead of the DP cell, what would the required orifice diameter be ... 

The curvature of earth limits the maximum range achievable by a satellite located at height H as shown in Fig. 5. 

Figure 6. Maximum range and elevation angle vs. satellite height.

At maximum range, the slant range becomes tangential to the earth so that the grazing angle ip = 0 and from Fig. 5... 

The maximum range on earth for an SBR located at height H is given... 

In the design of a Bunsen burner, it is desirable to have the maximum range of volumetric flow without encountering stability problems. What, then, is the... 

Very few Zn isotope compositions have been produced on ores. Marechal (1998) (see also Marechal and Albarede 2000) analyzed a variety of Zn carbonates (smithsonite) and sulfides (sphalerite) from different localities in Europe. The maximum range of 8 Zn values is from -0.06 to +0.69%o with little apparent sulfide/carbonate fractionation (smithsonite may be up to 0.3%o heavier than associated sphalerite). Unpublished data (Table 1) from the Lyon group on sphalerite from the Cevennes, Southeastern France fall within this range and show that the 8 Zn values from a single mine such as Les Malines cluster within =4).2%o of each other. 

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