Matter systems condensation definition

Definitions. When positive charges are fixed in a soHd, but the electrons are free to move about, the system is called a soHd-state plasma. In a Hquid-state plasma, both the positive and negative charges are frilly mobile. These soHd-state and Hquid system are examples of condensed matter plasmas as opposed to gaseous plasmas. 

What is meant by "soft condensed matter " In the context of this NATO Advanced Study Institute, soft systems are those where the relevant interactions are weak and thermal fluctuations play an important role. However, this is not a sufficiently sharp definition because all materials that have higher order or weakly first order phase transitions, e.g, magnetic materials, superconductors, etc., have this property. I believe that "softness," in addition, implies a relatively high bulk or osmotic compressibility. For a system with a transition temperature, Tc, the elastic modulus, G, scales as... 

In Section II. 1 the heat capacity is considered from the viewpoint of pheno-menolo cal thermod3mamics. In Section II.l.l the usual definitions are ven for the heat capacity Cy or Cp at constant volume V respectively constant pressure and constant quantity of matter. They are valid for thermodynamically simple systems. As far as liquids and solids are concerned (and polymers are alwaj in a condensed state) Cp is the quantity more available from the experiment and Cy that more available from the theory. In consequence, one is always constrained to convert both quantities. Such a conversion is rendered postible by Eq. (25a) if the thermal expansion coefficient a, the isothermal compressit ty x and the volume V (or the mass densitiy) of the system are known. In default of these data the formula (25b) of Nemst and lindemann is often used which, as approximation, follows from (25a). 

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